- 期刊
- OpenAccess
Geospatial Modelling for Estimation of PM_(2.5) Concentrations in Two Megacities in Peninsular India
摘要
Airborne particles finer than 2.5 microns (PM_(2.5)) constitute a major public health risk in India. Therefore, extensive scientific studies must be conducted to assess the PM_(2.5) exposures of Indians and determine the ＂exposure-response function＂ specific to India. While Peninsular India includes three megacities with populations exceeding 10 million each, there are very few studies on air quality modelling in this region compared to North India. In this paper, the authors describe a Linear Mixed Effects (LME) model to estimate monthly-average PM_(2.5) concentrations at a spatial resolution of 1 km^2 between 2016 and 2019 in the megacities of Bengaluru and Hyderabad with a total population of 23 million. This model is based on covariates such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), meteorological parameters, and Land-use-Land-cover (LULC) variables and is validated with extensive datasets from continuous and manual air quality monitoring stations through a 10-fold cross-validation process. The final LME model can explain more than 60 percent of the variation in the PM_(2.5) concentrations in Bengaluru and Hyderabad. This model is then used to predict the monthly-average grid-wise PM_(2.5) concentrations in more than 800 grids in each of these two cities to study the spatial and temporal patterns in PM_(2.5) concentrations between 2016 and 2019. These spatiotemporal maps of PM_(2.5) concentration are critical to overcoming the misclassification of exposure and will form a crucial input to much-needed PM exposure-response studies in these two megacities. This paper can serve as a useful framework for similar studies by showing the way to bridge the gaps in the current air quality monitoring network in Peninsular India.
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