台灣不同學制應屆畢業護生對臨床就業意願之探討

The Exploration of Clinical Employment Intention among Different Nursing Systems of Graduating Nursing Students in Taiwan

徐惠麗(Hui-Li Hsu) ； 張曉雲(Hsiao-Yun Chang) ； 章順仁(Shun-Jen Chang) ； 郭倩琳(Chien-Lin Kuo)

《澳門護理雜誌》 14卷2期 (2015/12) Pp. 32-39

摘要

背景：護理職場人力失衡問題長久存在，護理工作壓力與護理就業意願是引發護理人員留任或拒絕投入職場的重要因素之一，而不同學制應屆畢業護生是否感受到這股壓力，進而影響其畢業後對護理之就業意願，在文獻鮮少探討。目的：本研究目的為探討不同學制應屆畢業護生對臨床護理之預期工作壓力與護理認同相關因素及就業意願之預測因素。方法：採橫斷面研究設計，結構式問卷進行調查，群聚方便取樣台灣南部地區2012 學年度最後一學期護理科系之二技、大學、四技及五專應屆畢業生共計878 人。結果：超過85% 護生畢業後願意從事臨床護理工作，四技學制護理認同分數最高、大學學制最低。預期工作壓力大學學制學生感受最高，其他依序為、二技、五專、四技學制。預期工作壓力之三分項中，以工作任務感受壓力最高，護理認同與預期工作壓力間呈顯著負相關。就業意願之預測因素為年齡、外在因素、組織管理及四技學制。結論：臨床護理工作壓力雖大，但應屆畢業生對於從事臨床護理工作仍具高度熱誠，因此建議應適時調整組織文化，加強應屆畢業新進護理人員對護理工作任務的應變能力，同時提供合宜的輔導機制以降低應屆畢業護生的不確定感，增進對護理的認同感。

關鍵字

應屆畢業生 ； 預期工作壓力 ； 就業意願

並列摘要

Background: The imbalance of nursing workforce is being a long time. The stress at nursing work and employment intention is one of the important reasons whether nurses will stay or leave a workplace. Little information is known if different nursing programs of graduating nursing students perceive excessive work-related stress, which may affect their employment intention after graduation. Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore expected work-related stress among different nursing programs of graduating nursing students and its relationship with career commitment, and the influenced factors of employment intention. Method: A cross-sectional study design using a structured questionnaire was undertaken in Southern Taiwan. A cluster convenience sampling method was used to survey 878 graduating nursing students who were enrolled in the last semester of academic year 2012, from two-year program, four-year university program, four-year college program, and five-year college program. Result: Over 85% of graduating nursing students intended to employ in clinical settings. Students from four-year college program scored highest in commitment to nursing whereas students from four-year university program have lowest score. However, four-year university students perceived the highest work-related stress, followed by two-year students, five-year students and four-year college students. In the three dimensions of the expected work-related stress, the ＂work task＂ is the highest score among all students. The significantly negative correlation has found between the expected work-related stress and career commitment. The predictors of employment intention are age, outside factor, organizational management, and four-year college program. Conclusions/Implication for Practice: Although the high level of nursing work-related stress existed, graduating nursing students are still willing to work in clinical settings with high levels of enthusiasm after graduated. It is, thus suggested that we should adjust a good organizational culture, enhance new nursing graduates' flexibility to work tasks, provide suitable mentoring to reduce their uncertainties, and enrich their commitment to nursing.

並列關鍵字

graduating nursing student ； expected work-related stress ； employment intention