台灣高等教育及學費政策之研究：市場機制與公民權利

解嚴後的台灣高等教育，隨著工商業發展對技術性勞動力需求的增加，開始進行大規模地擴張與轉型，並且朝向大眾化與普及化的目標發展，亦同時滿足高學歷社會所建構的高等教育需求。但是在追求教育機會均等的現代社會中，高等教育似乎不再是社會大眾的學習場域，在市場機制的導入下，它已被轉化爲具有排斥機制與再製社會階級功能的政治場域。而世界各地如火如荼展開的反高學費運動，亦反映出學費不再是單一地區的教育問題，而是在學習上威脅著全球經濟弱勢學子的政治議題。本文在結構上是以傅柯(Michel Foucault)式的權力分析，來探討在台灣高等教育及學費政策中所隱含的權力關係，並透過市場機制與公民權利的論證結果，闡述反高學費運動不僅是被政治權力所生產，在公民權利的建構過程中，它亦是在創造一種新的文化公民，以提出不同於其他學科領域的另一種新見解。

關鍵字

高等教育；學費政策；市場機制；公民權利；就學貸款制度；傅柯

並列摘要

The higher education of Taiwan in the post-martial law era, as the industrial and commercial development made the technical labor demand increased, began to expand and change dramatically. Moreover, the higher education got more and more popular, and met the higher education demand of a society as such. But the higher education doesn't appear to be a study field for the mass population in modern society, which pursues an equal opportunity of receiving education. It has become a political field which has exclusion mechanisms and functions of remaking the ideology of social class. And the movements against a higher tuition fee have been going on continually in all parts of the world. It also reflects that the tuition fee issue is not an educational problem of a certain area, but a political issue that threatens those economically disadvantaged students all over the globe, In order to propose a new perspective different from other discipline fields, this paper uses power analysis to follow Michel Foucault's lead to discuss the power relation which conceals in higher education and tuition fee policy in Taiwan. And by means of the argument of market mechanisms and citizenship, it also demonstrates that the movements against a higher tuition fee are not simply a result of political power. They also create a new mode of cultural citizen in building the process of citizenship.