議事多數決的隱憂

本文主要探討的內容在於：台灣在國會主治的政黨，如運用多數席次的優勢，主導整個議事的過程，獨自主宰設定討論的議程，合法化自行建構的立法內容，推動自見自是的政策論述及主張，完全否決少數黨的政策論證，所組構的制度安排及所鋪設的制度連結，則政治體系所產出的議事品質，恐不甚健全，也對風險的防火牆建構不夠完整，對所要追求的目標擁有不當的樂觀，這是議事多數決不當的隱憂。這項隱憂可由多數宰制的風險、循證決定的無門、少數黨派的無力、回應能力的降低、知行合一的不易及有效覆議的困難等六個層面彰顯出來。而這項隱憂形成的基因亦可由政策主張的兩極化、政黨偏好的凝聚化、權力取得的商榷、體制運作的質疑、多數地位的保持、黨際對立的氛圍、議事負荷的重擔及路徑依循的效應診斷而出。議事隱憂本非任何政治體系所堪承載，勢必要想方設法加以排除或處置。主事職司者或相關利害關係人或可由啟動視框反省、召開議題論壇、推出公民投票、發動司法解釋、回歸覆議機制及運用議程阻礙等方略加以解決。最後本文導出六項立法知識用以：理性立法、增進執行力、預備脫軌防火牆、確保冀欲成果及提升國會形象。

關鍵字

多數決；少數派權利；循證決策；政黨戰爭；覆議制度及議題論壇

並列摘要

This article deeply examines the hidden troubles of majority rule in Taiwan's legislation. Due to the Congress is always dominated only by one party, and this party often utilizes one eye's legislative draft, promote unwarranted policy claims, and denies policy arguments from minority and its institutional arrangements. This phenomenon has been seriously questioned to its deliberation and negative side-effects. The structure of this article is constructed by three themes: analyzing 6 types of hidden troubles, exploring its 6 deep roots and designing 6 strategies of anti-hidden-trouble. The paper concludes 6 types of knowledge which would be used to legislate rationally, promote its implementability, pre-design fire wall of its derailment, ensure the intended outcomes and improve Congress's image.

並列關鍵字

majority rule ； minority right ； evidence-based decision ； party wars ； veto, issue forum

參考文獻

Binder, S. A.(1997).Minority Right, Majority Rule.Cambridge:Cambridge Univ. Press.

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Cameron, C. M.(2000).Veto Bargaining.Cambridge:Cambridge Univ. Press.

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Davies, H. T. O. (eds.),S. M. Nutley (eds.),P. C. Smith (eds.)(2000).What Wait? Evidence-Based Policy and Practice in Public Services.Bristol:The Policy Press.