董事受託義務內涵與類型的再思考－從監督義務與守法義務的比較研究出發

Rethinking the Director's Fiduciary Duty-A Comparative Study on Duty to Monitor and Duty to Obey Law

邵慶平(Ching-Ping Shao)

《臺北大學法學論叢》 66期 (2008/06) Pp. 1-43

https://doi.org/10.6774/TULR.200806.0001

摘要

自二○○一年公司法修正後，董事受託義務的概念在我國獲得明確的肯認。雖然學界對此已有許多討論，惟對於注意義務及忠實義務的內涵及適用，還沒有完全一致的看法。本文對於公司不法行爲中董事責任的探討，希望能對受託義務體系的釐清，有所助益。在董事主導參與的公司不法行爲中，董事是否違反其守法義務？若該不法行爲目的係在追求股東之最大利益，對董事之責任又應有如何之影響？在董事未主導參與，而不知悉的類型中，未能發現此一不法行爲的存在，會否使得董事須對公司所受損害負賠償之責？吾人又應如何界定此一監督義務的要求？ 在比較、對照美國實務及我國法制後，本文認爲傳統上將監督義務及守法義務歸類爲注意義務之下位類型的作法頗有疑義。而從美國法制近年來的演變，吾人更可發現「誠信義務」、「忠實義務」等概念在受託義務體系下所扮演的重要角色。就此而言，未來台灣如何能夠發展出相類似的功能性概念，將是影響受託義務的法制移植成敗的一個重要關鍵。

關鍵字

受託義務 ； 注意義務 ； 忠實義務 ； 誠信義務 ； 監督義務 ； 守法義務 ； 股東最大利益

並列摘要

Since the enactment of Company Law Revisions in 2001, the director's fiduciary duty has been statutorily recognized in Taiwan. While much ink has been spilled discussing this new rule, the contours and applications of duty of care and loyalty have not been resolved. Intent on shedding some light on the framework of fiduciary duty, this paper focuses on director's civil liabilities arising from corporate illegality. In cases where directors are directly involved in illegal activities, do directors violate their duty of legal compliance? What if the illegal activities are expected to enhance the wealth of shareholders? In other cases where such activities are made without directors' knowledge, whether the failure to discover the unlawful behavior may has the directors liable for the damage caused to the corporation? How do we define director's duty to monitor?
Juxtaposing U.S. case laws with Taiwan's regime, this paper argues that the duties mentioned above do not fit with the concept of duty of care as conventional wisdom in Taiwan suggests. It is observed that the concept of ”duty of good faith”, ”duty of loyalty” is hatched or broadened to fill the void in U.S. in recent years. How Taiwan can develop a functional convergence toward U.S. would decide the outcome of the legal transplant in fiduciary duty.

並列關鍵字

fiduciary duty ； duty of care ； duty of loyalty ； duty of good faith ； duty to monitor ； duty of legal compliance ； maximization of shareholder wealth

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