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民法上之推定真實死亡:一個真實死亡與法律死亡之中間類型的誕生 論莫拉克颱風災後重建特別條例第28條及災害防救法第47條之1之死亡認定在我國民法死亡宣告制度上之性質

The Estimated Real Death in Civil Law: A Birth of the Intermediate form between the Real Death and the Legal Death

摘要


本文試著從比較法上觀察瑞士民法第34條「確定死亡」之規定,及德國失蹤法第四章第39條至第45條規定之「確定死亡時間之程序」規定,印證我國莫拉克颱風災後重建特別條例第28條及災害防救法第47條之1等兩則新興的法律規定,其性質均係針對未發現屍體,但對失蹤人死亡之事實已經沒有任何懷疑之「推定真實死亡」的中間類型,亦即介於真實死亡與死亡宣告兩種法定的死亡認定之情形以外的第三種實際類型而作的規範,其性質上接近真實死亡,而非死亡宣告,因此不宜以民法上死亡宣告之要件來加以評論或觀察,並參考上開瑞士及德國法對此等規定提出修正或實務解釋適用上的建議。

並列摘要


Through the viewpoint of the comparative law this article tries to observe the Swiss civil law Art. 34 and the regulations relating to the ”procedure determing death time” of the missing people in German ”the Missing law”, the 4th chapter, Art. 39 to 45 in order to verify the nature of the two newly enacted statues in Taiwan, namly The special law concerning the reconstruction after Molake wind-caused disaster Art. 28 and The Law concerning Rescue during the disasters Art. 47. It is to argue in this thesis that in the two forementioned articles regulated socalled ”estimated real death” is situated between the real death and the legal death announcement as the created third type of death in Taiwan's civil law.

參考文獻


王澤鑑(2008)。民法總則。王澤鑑=Wang, Tez-Chien。
史尚寬(1990)。民法總論。史尚寬=Shih, Shang-Kuan。
李宜琛(1977)。民法總則。李宜琛=Lee, I-Chen。
施啟揚(2007)。民法總則。施啟揚=Shi, Qi-Yang。
洪遜欣(1987)。中國民法總則。洪遜欣=Hon, Shuin-Shin。

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