對我國民法第245條之1之反省與檢討

Retrospection and Re-evaluation on the Article 245-1 Civil Code of Taiwan

向明恩(Ming-En Hsiang)

《臺北大學法學論叢》 79期 (2011/09) Pp. 145-205

https://doi.org/10.6774/TULR.201109.0145

摘要

我國民法債編於民國18年11月22日公布，翌年的5月5日施行，在歷經60個年頭後，爲因應社會經濟的變遷與滿足國民法律情感的需求，終於在民國88年4月大幅修正債編之相關規定，其中備受矚目的是在民法第245條之1所增訂的締約上過失責任，我國立法者雖爲此責任制度在民法典中找到停泊處，然因立法者保守態度，致使該條規範內容凌亂不一，存有許多應予並有待釐清之疑問。本文首先從發現締約過失制度之德國談起，藉由解析此制度在彼邦發展與明文化之過程，重新尋找與確認民法第245條之1之定位與功能。接著，呈現締約上過失制度這十年來在我國之發展狀況，藉以凸顯學界對於條文之描繪是如何分歧，實務界爲避此紛爭又是採取如何保守態度。最後基於保護當事人契約磋商階段之利益與貫徹信賴原則，以重新檢討我國現行民法第245條之1之規範。

關鍵字

締約上過失 ； 前契約義務 ； 信賴原則 ； 侵權行爲 ； 無權代理 ； 自始客觀不能 ； 不完全給付 ； 物之瑕疵擔保 ； 信賴利益之損害賠償 ； 履行利益之損害賠償

並列摘要

The Obligations (PART II) of Taiwan's Civil Code were promulgated on November 22 1929 and became effective on May 5 1930. Following the evolution of the economy and responding to the requirements of the population's new consciences of law, the Articles in the Obligations went through many modifications in 1999. The most conspicuous modification is the amendment of Article 245-1, pre-contractual duty, finally inserted into the Civil Code by the legislature. However, the legislature's conservative attitude left the article in chaos, causing many problems that required clarification. The main purpose of this thesis is to introduce the system of pre-contractual liability, which originated in Germany. By analyzing the development of the system in Germany, we can research and locate the position and understand the function of Article 245-1 in Taiwan's Civil Code. The Second part will discuss the current development of Article 245-1 in Taiwan and illustrate how divergent are the points of view toward this issue. The final part will re-evaluate the current Article based on how well it protects the interests of all parties in the precontract phase as well as reliability protection.

並列關鍵字

culpa in contrahendo ； pre-contractual duty ； principle of reliance ； torts ； Falsus procurator ； objective impossibility of performance ； deficient performance ； warranty ； damages to protect reliance interest ； damages to protect performance interest

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