區域貿易協定下反傾銷及平衡措施條款之實證研究

Empirical Studies on Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures Clause under Regional Trade Agreements

王震宇(Blake C. Y. Wang)

《臺北大學法學論叢》 81期 (2012/03) Pp. 139-229

https://doi.org/10.6774/TULR.201203.0141

摘要

區域貿易協定（RTA）之簽署與談判係當代國際經濟法之重要趨勢，不僅貿易大國熱衷於憑藉區域經濟整合加強其國際政治與經濟之影響力，多數已開發或發展中國家亦將簽署FTA列為該國之重要貿易政策。RTA成員在談判時，一方面既須遵守GATT第XXIV條之規範，一方面又須符合對非簽約成員之「不歧視原則」等雙重要求，因此，各國常於RTA中放入反傾銷條款以調和在RTA成員中關於WTO承諾、RTA互惠、以及保有國內產業救濟途徑等三重關係。針對外國進口產品之不公平貿易行為而採取救濟措施，一向是國際貿易法上重要的議題。由於各國貿易發展程度不同，對於談判雙邊或多邊RTA反傾銷及平衡措施條款時，出現多元規範態樣。本文研究範圍聚焦、於「RTA下反傾銷及平衡措施條款」之設計與法理，同時進一步以法律實證研究方法，探討未來我國如與其他貿易夥伴簽署FTA時，研析彼此間之反傾銷措施是否應廢除、或應否須加以限制、或僅須遵循WTO之相關規範即可？本文將針對與我國進出口貿易額度較高之貿易夥伴（包括中國大陸、美國、日本、南韓、歐盟、澳大利亞、新加坡等）進行實證研究，針對各該國家或地區所與他國簽署之FTA中相關反傾銷及平衡措施之內容作一比較分析。最後，文末對於我國未來與他國談判FTA時，如何選擇反傾銷及平衡措施條款提供參考依據以及提出建議。

關鍵字

區域貿易協定 ； 自由貿易協定 ； 不公平貿易行為 ； 關稅暨貿易總協定第XXIV條 ； 反傾銷 ； 平衡措施 ； 經濟整合

並列摘要

Mordent trend of negotiating signing Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) becomes more important under international economic law. Not only the powerful trading countries enabled their political and economic impacts through regional economic integration, but also various developing countries put the RTA process into their primary trade policy. When negotiating RTAs, the members shall follow both GATT art. XXIV and non-discrimination rule at the same time. Many contracting parties put the anti-dumping and countervailing measure clause into RTA provision in order to balance the WTO requirement, reciprocal treatment of RTA, and domestic trade remedy rules. In fact, the remedy for unfair trade practice of foreign export product is always the critical issue under international trade law. Because of the differences of economic development amongst the countries, there are diversity formations of anti-dumping clauses under various RTAs. This article focuses on the legal structure of anti-dumping and countervailing measure clause under RTAs, and further discuss the policy orientation for Taiwan in the future RTA negotiation. This article also use the empirical studies to examine Taiwan's closer trading partners, including Mainland China , U.S.A., Japan, South Korea, European Union, and Singapore, especially reviews the anti-dumping clause under RTAs singing by above countries. The conclusion of this article provides the policy suggestions.

並列關鍵字

Free Trade Agreement ； Regional Trade Agreement ； GATT XXIV ； Anti-dumping ； Countervailing Duty ； Economic Integration

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