刑法上公務員概念之研究－與美國法制之比較

A Study on Public Official under Criminal Law-Comparing to the United States Criminal Justice System

張明偉(Ming-Woei Chang)

《臺北大學法學論叢》 85期 (2013/03) Pp. 89-133

摘要

我國刑法從制定之初，即於總則中就公務員概念予以統一定義，在不同規範目的下，究應如何定義刑法上公務員之概念，以達成刑法保護法益與犯罪預防之目的，實為我國刑法公務員概念在適用上首應釐清的課題。鑒於我國學界尚未曾探討美國法制上有關公務員犯罪之議題，本文擬自美國刑事法有關公務員概念之介紹出發，探討其公務員概念所涵蓋之範圍，期能有助於釐清我國刑法公務員規定於適用上所存在之疑義。本文主張，當具體處罰規定之規範目的兼具保障人民自由或財產法益時，只要是服務於政府機關人員使一般人民合理相信其具有特定職務權限，並收取或索取不正金錢或利益，行為人即有可能構成刑法第10條第2項之公務員。

關鍵字

公務員 ； 賄賂 ； 勒索 ； 假借職務 ； 失職

並列摘要

The ROC Criminal Code defines the public official in Paragraph 2 of Article 10 of the ROC Criminal Law. Nonetheless, it is important and difficult to define the public official under different purpose to protect the society as well as to prevent crimes. Since the academic in Taiwan never explores the criminal definition of the public official in the United States, this study tries to introduce the concept of the public official in the United States and locate its scope so that relative questions in the ROC criminal justice system might be resolved. As a result, this study concludes that all government employees who make reasonable people believe to be on duty and collect undue money are public officials under Paragraph 2 of Article 10 of the ROC Criminal Code when the individual offense is proposed to protect people from infringement of freedom and financial loss.

並列關鍵字

public official ； bribery ； extortion ； under color of office ； misconduct in office

參考文獻

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