男同志愛滋感染者交織烙印經驗與因應策略初探

Intersectional Stigma Experienced by Gay Men Living with HIV in Taiwan

潘淑滿(Shu-Man Pan) ； 郭書辰(Shu-Chen Kuo) ； 莊登閔(Deng-Min Chuang)

《臺大社會工作學刊》 46期 (2022/12) Pp. 181-227

https://doi.org/10.6171/ntuswr.202212_(46).0005

摘要

本文結合烙印與交織觀點，透過訪談16位男同志愛滋感染者，嘗試探討男同志感染者所面對的雙重烙印，並探討男同志感染者採取何種策略，因應個人、人際與社會來源的交織烙印。研究結果發現：（1）受訪者內化社會文化對同志的負面態度，而影響其現身的意願；現身後仍承受社會對於理想同志的角色期待；（2）感染者身分不符合陽剛氣質對男性角色的期待（例如：獨立、健康、強壯）而交織成為壓力源；（3）對性取向烙印感受較強受訪者，對愛滋烙印的感受也較強烈；（4）受訪者面對交織烙印時的因應策略橫跨：個人層次（正向思考、積極迴避）、人際層次（一般同儕與感染者同儕支持），與社會層次（積極因應行動、尋求友善社區網絡）。最後，本研究針對社會工作實務、未來研究和社會工作教育提出相關建議，以促進男同志感染者之交織觀點實務模式。

關鍵字

性取向烙印 ； 愛滋烙印 ； 交織性 ； 男同志愛滋感染者 ； 因應策略

並列摘要

Introduction and Methodology: This paper applies both stigma and intersectionality perspectives and employs in-depth interviews with 16 gay men living with HIV. We explored intersectional life experiences of sexual stigma and HIV stigma, and how gay men living with HIV coped with intersectional stigma. Results: The results revealed that our participants internalized negative attitudes related to sexual stigma, which impacted their willingness to come out. When they came out as gay men, they still held expectations that society would exhibit positive images of being gay men. Secondly, being gay men living with HIV could possibly generate stress from intersectional stigma due to the impression that living with HIV would lead to deteriorating masculinity, which includes independence, health, and strength. Thirdly, participants who held strong sexual stigma also indicated strong HIV-related stigma. Coping strategies for intersectional stigma across the personal level (positive reframing and active avoidance), interpersonal level (social support from both HIV or non-HIV networks) and societal level (active action and searching for friendly healthcare network). Conclusion: To enhance knowledge of working with gay men living with HIV, suggestions are provided for frontline practice, future research, and social work education.

並列關鍵字

sexual stigma ； HIV-related stigma ； intersectionality ； gay men living with HIV ； coping strategies

參考文獻

Ciwang Teyra、黃炤愷、謝宛蓉（2021）。〈只想好好地生活：原住民同志之交織處境與因應策略〉，《臺大社會工作學刊》，43，1-53。https://dx.doi.org/10.6171/ntuswr.202106_(43).0001 【Teyra, C., Huang, C.-K., & Hsieh, W.-J. (2021). Challenges and coping strategies among indigenous gay people in facing intersectionality. NTU Social Work Review, 43, 1-53. https://dx.doi.org/10.6171/ntuswr.202106_(43).0001】

丁志音、李芳盈、方啟泰（2013）。〈醫師對愛滋病照護經驗、知識及態度的變遷：1994 及 2012 年調查之比較〉，《台灣公共衛生雜誌》，32(5)，435-448。https://dx.doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2013-32-05-03 【Lew-Ting, C-.Y., Li, F.-Y., & Fang, C.- T. (2013). Evolving Hiv-related clinical experiences, knowledge, and attitudes of physicians: A comparison of 1994 and 2012 survey. Taiwan Journal of Public Health, 32(5), 435-448. https://dx.doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2013-32-05-03】

王大維（2010）。〈與男性在關係中工作－男性氣概理論對伴侶與家族治療之啟示〉，《輔導季刊》，46(1)，32-43。https://dx.doi.org/10.29742/GQ.201003.0005 【Wang, T.-W. (2010). Working with men in relationships: Implications of masculinities theory for couple and family therapy. Guidance Quarterly, 46(1), 32-43. https://dx.doi.org/10.29742/GQ.201003.0005】

王雅各（2007）。〈新世紀的男性研究〉，《女學學誌：婦女與性別研究》，24，135-173。https://dx.doi.org/10.6255/JWGS.2007.24.135 【Wang, Y.-K. (2007). Men’s studies in a new millennium. Journal of Women’s and Gender Studies, 24, 135-173. https://dx.doi.org/10.6255/JWGS.2007.24.135】

王增勇（2011）。〈跨越世代相遇：看見「老年男同志」〉，《生命教育研究》，3(1)，169-230。https://dx.doi.org/10.6424/JLE.201106.0169 【Wang, T.-Y. (2011). Breaking through ageism: Understanding elderly gay men in Taiwan. Journal of Life Education, 3(1), 169-230. https://dx.doi.org/10.6424/JLE.201106.0169】