國民年金政策執行之研究－福利治理的觀點

國民年金制度為確保未能於相關社會保險獲得適足保障的國民，能夠於老年及發生身心障礙時的基本經濟安全，並謀其遺屬生活的安定。執行至今，無論從參加人數、申請各項給付人數均顯示該政策獲致初步成效。惟亦有相當比例的被保險人未能按時繳納保險費，繳費率僅不到六成，顯示立意良好的政策似乎未獲得民眾的參與。另一方面，目前關於國民年金政策執行的探討，偏重民眾繳費制度設計、給付權益保障與整體財務分析，較缺乏對於執行組織互動影響政策執行與民眾順服的檢視。有鑑於福利治理聚焦於福利政策的行動者之間的互動關係，不但影響資源在多元部門之間的配置，同時對於政府與民眾關係重新加以界定，呈現與以往不同的福利決策模式。為此，本研究從福利治理的觀點，分析中央、地方政府與其他民間部門組織之間互動對於政策執行的影響。例如勞保局地方辦事處和地方政府的國民年金審核員對於民眾在納保和給付申請執行的影響，或是對於政策釋疑的處理。研究方法除了文獻資料蒐集外，透過深度訪談政策制定與執行相關人員，了解多元行動者對於政策執行的影響。

關鍵字

國民年金；政策執行；治理；福利治理

並列摘要

The authors use a case study of the Taiwan government's national pension policy to examine the capacity of local governments to successfully implement social welfare programs. In 2008, labor pension system was bolstered by a second system that provides a basic pension to some 3,530,000 disadvantaged citizens who are not eligible for the pensions provided to military personnel and government employees. The authors conclude from their study, which consisted of a literature review and in-depth interviews that a well-intentioned policy does not necessarily result in recognition and active policy participation from the population. There is a gap between the planning and implementation of Taiwan's national pension policy. Neither the Ministry of the Interior nor the Bureau of Labor Insurance could adequately explain their respective responsibilities in policy planning and implementation. In addition, the Ministry of the Interior has no authority to delegate to the Bureau of Labor Insurance. Also, local governments cannot develop appropriate network-governance capacity. The authors recommend that the national government address the poor design of the current system by strengthening the resource integration and communication capabilities of local governments.