北宋史論文的資鑑精神－以歐陽脩、司馬光、蘇軾為例

The "Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government" Spirits of Historiography in North-Sung Dynasty: Take Ou-Yang Hsiu, Ssu-Ma Kuang, and Su Shih as Example

盧奕璇(I-Hsuan Lu)

《東方人文學誌》 7卷4期 (2008/12) Pp. 149-173

https://doi.org/10.6389/OH.200812.0149

摘要

北宋中葉，積弊問題浮現，王朝面臨相當大的政治與道德危機，儒者欲重新建構新秩序、新價值，所以在政治、文學、學術各方面，均發生重大變革。其向過往追尋，從歷史中汲取經驗教訓，此即「資鑑精神」。
本文以歐陽脩、司馬光、蘇軾三人之史論文為例，歸結出資鑑精神呈現的四種類型：（一）肯定傳統，深入評斷，提煉價值；（二）歸結史實，翻案出奇，重新評價；（三）汲取經驗，診斷建言，免步後塵；（四）借用史事，申述政見，借古諷今。
三人提出：德、忠、節、信、仁、義等概念，欲以重振士風、重建道德。這與《新五代史》、《資治通鑑》的著作目的幾乎是一致的－以《春秋》大一統之義，作為懲惡勸善之用。因此要推尊君王、標榜忠義、表彰氣節。

關鍵字

歐陽脩 ； 司馬光 ； 蘇軾 ； 資鑑精神 ； 史論文

並列摘要

The middle of North-Sung dynasty, the long-standing abuse problem rose, the empire faced a quite huge political and ethical crisis. The Confucian scholars tried to re-build a new order and value, therefore in many aspects such as politics, literature and sciences, all had a great reformation. They looked back to the pass, learned lessons from the history. This is what we called the spirits of ”Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government”.
This article take Ou-Yang Hsiu, Ssu-Ma Kuang, and Su Shih as example, conclude 4 essential parts of the ”Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government” spirits: (1) Respects the value of tradition, makes judges thoroughly, and refines the merit. (2) Summarizes the facts of history, reverse a previous judgment or accepted conclusion, and re-evaluate. (3) Draws the experiences, diagnoses and makes the suggestion in order to avoid the same mistakes. (4) Expresses politics and satirizes the current events by the history affairs.
These three scholars addressed the concepts of virtue, loyalty, integrity, honesty, benevolence, and justice in order to re-bestir the morale, and re-build the moral. This propose was same to the propose of the New History of Five dynasties and Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government, taking the sense of united in Spring and Autumn Annals to accomplish crime punishment and persuade good deeds. Therefore worship the king, advertise the concept of loyalty and justice and commend moral integrity are indispensable.

並列關鍵字

Ou-Yang Hsiu ； Ssu-Ma Kuang ； Su Shih ； the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government spirits ； historiography