元代女伶之技藝與交游初探

An Exploratory Study on the Actresses' Art and Relationship in the Yuan Dynasty

余一霞(Yi-Xia Yu)

《東方人文學誌》 9卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 139-164

https://doi.org/10.6389/OH.201003.0139

摘要

元代伶人在元雜劇的歷史中，扮演著將劇本文學，化為立體藝術的重要角色，他們運用不同的技藝呈現出燦爛豐富的表演成就，成為元代雜劇表演臻至鼎盛的推手之一。然而關於元代伶人的記載卻十分稀少，今存最完整收錄元代女伶史料的只有元‧夏庭芝《青樓集》一書，其餘零星資料只能從四散的篇章中蒐羅出來。元代伶人的史料，又以女性伶人的較多，因此本文欲以元代女伶為研究對象，首先從藝術表現成就來探討她們的專長，藉以了解女伶在元代雜劇表演上所佔的位置。其次討論元代女伶與同為伶人階層及社會其他階層之間的交游關係。同為伶人階層可分為：婚戀關係、血緣、親人關係及女伶間之非親屬關係。社會其他階層可分為與才人文士以及官宦世家的交游，討論這些關係交游可以幫助我們對於元代女伶有更多的了解，進而也能深入了解她們在元雜劇史上的地位。

關鍵字

元代女伶 ； 青樓集

並列摘要

The artist in the history of Zaju in Yuan Dynasty played an important role that transformed the literal script to substantial art. They used divergent skills to demonstrate the splendid performance achievements and became one of the motivations of the prosperous Zaju performance in Yuan Dynasty. However the documentations regarding the artists in Yuan Dynasty are unproportionately few. Qinglougi by Xia, Ting-Zhi in Yuan Dynasty is the only historical material that fully collected the information of female artists in Yuan Dynasty. Other information pieces can only be found in separate articles. The historical materials regarding the artists in Yuan Dynasty are majorly of female artists. Therefore this article attempted to target at the female artists in Yuan Dynasty, first identified their specialties based on the artistic performance achievements in order to realize the position of the female artists in the Zaju performance in Yuan Dynasty; then discussed the interpersonal relationship among female artists, other artists, and different social classes in Yuan Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

female artist in Yuan Dynasty ； Qinglougi