摘要
「社火」的表演來自於民間鼓樂，滑稽癲狂集結各種雜耍技藝；也有人認為，它是來自於古代祭祀樂舞。宋代民間節慶以歌舞為主，「舞隊」的表演包括武術、雜技與說唱等等的遊行表演，據明人王圻《續文獻通考》卷一五三所載：後周安樂舞八十人，唐太宗「破陣樂舞」百二十人……宋教坊小兒舞隊七十二人，女弟子隊百五十三人……這種「舞隊」載歌載舞，不但有人物裝扮也有了故事情節，具有一定的戲劇效果，經常混稱為「隊戲」；而「隊戲」的發展從宋代之後沒有停止，文獻中記載民間節慶時有優人表演「隊戲」，元代甚至將「隊戲」當作「國俗舊禮」的一部分，在1985年於山西潞城縣所發現的明代萬曆二年的《迎神賽社禮節傳簿四十曲宮調》中，也有樂舞（啞隊戲）腳色排場單二十五種，這些都是戲曲與舞蹈史的重要資料。然而「隊戲」的形式究竟為何？為何在唐代就有不少成熟的隊戲表演？它又是如何結合戲劇與舞蹈呢？這些之前雖然都被學者提及卻未嘗深入，本文在前輩學者的研究基礎上，更深入分析探究「隊舞」「隊戲」的歷史型態。
並列摘要
”Popular entertainments to mark the various seasonal festivals” the performance from the folk music, builds up each vaudeville technique demented funnily; also some people believed that it was coming from the ancient times sacrificial offering dancing to music. The Song Dynasty folk festival celebrates by the dance primarily, ”dance team” the performance including the martial arts, the acrobatics and the traditional entertainment involving talking and singing and so on parade performance, ”Continues Literature according to sighted person Wang Qi To pass Tests” curls 153 to carry: The Later Zhou Dynasty peaceful is dancing to music 80 people, Emperor Taitsung of Tang ”breaks through the enemy lines the dancing to music” 120 people......The Song instruction office young child dances the team 72 people, the girl student team 153 people...... This kind ”the dance team” sings and dances, not only had the character to dress up also had the plot, had certain theatrical effect, mixed frequently is called ”the team play”; But ”team play” development after Song Dynasty has not stopped, in the literature records the folk festival celebrates when has the good person to perform ”the team play”, the Yuan Dynasty ”the team play” will even treat as ”the country vulgar old ritual” a part, the Ming Dynasty Wanli two years which discovered in the Shanxi Lucheng County ”Meets the god Match Society Courtesy in 1985 To pass on Book 40 Tune Traditional modes”, also has the dancing to music (mute team play) the foot color ostentation list 25 kinds, these are the drama and the dance history material information. However ”team play” form actually why? Why have many mature team plays in the Tang Dynasty to perform? How does it is also unify the play and the dance? Before these, although is mentioned by the scholar has not actually had thoroughly, this article in the senior scholar's research foundation, a more thorough analysis inquires into ”the team dance” ”the team play” the historical state.
延伸閱讀
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