Construct Validity of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory : A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach

運用驗證性因素分析產前依附量表之建構效度

高美玲(Meei-Ling Gau) ； 李慈音(Tzu-Ying Lee)

《The Journal of Nursing Research》 11卷3期 (2003/09) Pp. 177-187

摘要

The purpose of this study was to test the construct validity of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The PAI was developed by Muller (1989, 1993), and consists of 21 Likert-type items arranged on a 4-point response set ranging from “almost always” to “almost never.” A sample of 349 pregnant women in their third trimester was recruited from obstetrical outpatient and inpatient centers, including high-risk and low-risk pregnancy units, and child birth education classes. Confirmatory factor analysis of the instrument yielded the result that all items have a significant factor loading. There were no negative error variances, no factor correlations greater than one, and no extremely large error variance. The indicator reliabilities ranged from .2 to .5. More over, the correlation matrix indicated that all PAI items were significantly related to one another at p ＜.01. These 21 items explained 79% of variance in maternal fetal attachment (MFA). The over all measurement model fit indices showed that the hypothesized model fit the data well after two modifications (2/df = 2.12, standardized root mean square residual = .05, good ness-of-fit index = .90, critical N = 204.5). The findings indicate that Muller’s PAI is a valid instrument for research with pregnant women. Researchers can use this instrument for future research studies in the health care of pregnant women. Nursing educators and clinicians can use this instrument to assess expectant mothers’ level of MFA.

關鍵字

母胎依附 ； 驗證性因素分析 ； 產前依附量表 ； 建構效度

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to test the construct validity of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The PAI was developed by Muller (1989, 1993), and consists of 21 Likert-type items arranged on a 4-point response set ranging from “almost always” to “almost never.” A sample of 349 pregnant women in their third trimester was recruited from obstetrical outpatient and inpatient centers, including high-risk and low-risk pregnancy units, and child birth education classes. Confirmatory factor analysis of the instrument yielded the result that all items have a significant factor loading. There were no negative error variances, no factor correlations greater than one, and no extremely large error variance. The indicator reliabilities ranged from .2 to .5. More over, the correlation matrix indicated that all PAI items were significantly related to one another at p ＜.01. These 21 items explained 79% of variance in maternal fetal attachment (MFA). The over all measurement model fit indices showed that the hypothesized model fit the data well after two modifications (2/df = 2.12, standardized root mean square residual = .05, good ness-of-fit index = .90, critical N = 204.5). The findings indicate that Muller’s PAI is a valid instrument for research with pregnant women. Researchers can use this instrument for future research studies in the health care of pregnant women. Nursing educators and clinicians can use this instrument to assess expectant mothers’ level of MFA.

並列關鍵字

maternal-fetal attachment ； confirmatory factor analysis ； prenatal attachment inventory ； construct validity

參考文獻

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Bollen, K. A., Long, J. S.(1993).Testing structural equation models.Newbury Park, NJ:Sage.

Bryan, A. A.(2000).Enhancing parent-child interaction with a prenatal couple intervention.The American Journal of Maternal/ Child Nursing.25(3)