Gender Differences in Self-Perceptions About Aging and Sleep Among Elderly Chinese Residents in Taiwan

台灣年長者對老化和睡眠的自我感受之性別差異

林忠尼(Jong-Ni Lin)

《The Journal of Nursing Research》 24卷4期 (2016/12) Pp. 347-356

https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000167

摘要

背景 研究發現已顯示不同族群老人的睡眠有性別差異，但在台灣性別差異的睡眠資料有限。目的 本研究目的是：⑴描述年長男性和女性對老化的感受和此感受對睡眠的影響；⑵探討老化感受和睡眠評價是否有性別的差異。方法 混合法的研究設計被使用。把對23位男性和27位女性深入訪談的資料與匹茲堡睡眠品質量表的資料做整合。結果 整個樣本的匹茲堡睡眠品質量表平均分數是6.1 ± 3.5 （男，4.8 ± 1.6;女，7.1 ± 4.3）。比對老化沒負面態度的研究對象，那些有負面態度的研究對象較可能陳述不良的睡眠品質、短的睡眠時間和難以入睡。女性比男性對老化有較負面的感受（像無力感）和較多的睡眠抱怨。比起男性，女性的匹茲堡睡眠品質量表分數也有顯著較差的睡眠品質（p = .02）和較低的睡眠效率（p = .03）。結論／實務應用 對老化的負面感受與不良睡眠品質的陳述有關。老化的感受和睡眠評價有性別差異。老化的過程和睡眠型態會隨時間改變，故縱貫性的研究設計被建議給未來的研究採用。

關鍵字

老化 ； 性別 ； 感受 ； 睡眠

並列摘要

Background: Previous research has revealed the existence of gender differences in sleep patterns among older adults from various ethnic groups. Data on how gender affects the sleep patterns of Taiwanese are limited. Purpose: The purposes of the current study were to (a) describe perceptions about aging and the influence of these perceptions on sleep in elderly men and women, respectively, and (b) determine whether there are gender differences in perceptions and appraisal of sleep. Methods: A mixed method design was used. In-depth interview data from 23 men and 27 women were integrated with data from the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI). Results: The mean CPSQI score for the entire sample was 6.1 ± 3.5 (men: 4.8 ± 1.6, women: 7.1 ± 4.3). Participants who held negative attitudes about aging were more likely to report poor sleep quality, short sleep duration, and difficulty in falling asleep than those who did not hold negative attitudes. Women had more negative perceptions about aging (e.g., feelings of powerlessness) and more sleep complaints than men. Furthermore, women reported significantly poorer sleep quality (p = .02) and lower sleep efficiency (p = .03) on the CPSQI than men. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Negative perceptions about aging are associated with reports of poor sleep quality. There are gendered differences in perceptions about aging and appraisals of sleep. As the process of aging and patterns of sleep change over time, longitudinal research designs are recommended for future studies.

並列關鍵字

aging ； gender ； perception ； sleep

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