全球化促使就業結構與貧窮型態產生變化,導致個人雖獲得有酬工作,卻落入貧窮的現象層出不窮。工作貧窮是目前全球面臨共同面臨的問題,當工作不再具有脫貧功能時,恐加深工作貧窮者的生活困境。若能瞭解我國工作貧窮樣貌及特徵,將有助於政府在規劃抗貧政策時,避免只將焦點放在落入官方貧窮線的赤貧家庭。因此,本研究目的在於檢視影響工作貧窮的因素,資料來源為2019年「家庭收支調查」資料庫,使用ANCOVA階層線性模型進行資料分析。主要研究發現有三點:1.個人特徵是工作貧窮的重要預測因素,包含性別、年齡、教育程度、社經地位與婚姻狀況;2.家庭特徵在工作貧窮中扮演顯著影響力,如家庭結構、家戶規模、家戶所得收入人口數以及家庭依賴比等;3.工作貧窮風險具有區域差異,在不同縣市就業的工作者,落入工作貧窮的風險亦不同。最後,根據研究發現,本文提出減輕工作貧窮的政策建議。
Employment structure and types of poverty have changed due to globalization, which leads to the phenomenon of working poverty. Working poverty is a common social problem globally. Jobs no longer can help people get out of poverty, which may make the circumstances worse. If we can understand the situations and characteristics of working poverty, it will help the government not to just focus on the families living under the official poverty line when developing anti-poverty policies. Therefore, the study aims to examine the determinants of working poverty by using the one-way ANCOVA model with random effects. The data is mined from the 2019 Survey of Family Income and Expenditure. The findings of the study are as follows: 1) The individual characteristics are the important predictors of working poverty including gender, age, education, socioeconomic status and marital status. 2) The family factors play significant roles in working poverty such as the family structure, family size, family member being employed, and household dependency ratio. 3) The risk of working poverty varies regionally. Finally, several policy implications are discussed based on the main findings.