摘要
本病例報告針對2005年2月22、23日於台南地區擱淺小虎鯨共計8頭，進行病理學檢查、微生物鑑定、寄生蟲鑑定與分子生物學檢測。病理學檢查，右心室擴張（8/8），肺臟心葉、膈葉少許結節（2/8），前胃黏膜呈糜爛至潰傷病灶，主胃有線蟲寄生（8/8），腸道大量線蟲寄生且蟲體頭部深入黏膜下層，穿刺周圍有明顯潰瘍灶（8/8）。顯微鏡觀察心肌纖維呈波浪狀、斷裂。肺臟局部呈多發小膿瘍，膿瘍區內含有蟲體，膿瘍區周圍有纖維結締組織圍繞。肝臟竇狀隙擴張、門脈區膽管內可見具吸盤蟲體寄生，膽管增生與膽管周圍的纖維化。腸黏膜上皮可見炎症細胞浸潤、腸腔與黏膜下層均見蟲體寄生。微生物鑑定結果為Photobacterium damselae 和Vibrio alginolyticus。寄生蟲鑑定主胃蟲體為海獸胃線蟲（Family Anisakidae），具有線蟲嘴器與棘樣構造，而腸道蟲體為棘鉤頭蟲科（Family polymorphidae）之球身鉤頭蟲屬（Genus Bolbosoma）。毒物學檢測結果DDTs濃度在89-460ppb，低於正常範圍。在分子生物學檢測結果Morbillivirus與流行性感冒病毒均為陰性，最終診斷為鬱血性心肌病伴隨嚴重寄生蟲病。
並列摘要
Eight pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata) which stranded at Tainan and died on ebruary 22 and 23, 2005 were submitted to pathological, microbiological, parasitological, toxicological and molecular examinations. Pathologically, the right ventricles of the all whales were dilated (8/8). A few nodules were found on the cardiac and diaphragmatic lobes of lungs (2/8). The main stomach had roundworm infestions (8/8) associated with erosive to ulcerative changes on the mucosa of fore-stomach. A large amount of roundworms were found in the intestines where the mucosal membranes were ulcerative due to penetration of the parasites. Histopathologically, myocardial fibers revealed Zenker's degeneration and fragmentation. Hepatic sinusoids were dilated, and bile ducts were hyperplastic. Parasites with suckers were detected in the bile duct of portal areas. Intestinal mucosal layer was infiltrated by mononuclear inflammatory cells associated with presence of parasites in the submucosa and the lumen. Both Photobacterium damselae and Vibrio alginolyticus were isolated from lungs. The roundworms found in the stomach and the intestines were identified as ”Anisakis” sp. and ”Bolbosoma” sp., respectively. Toxicological examination showed the total DDT (DDTs) concentrations were 89-460 ppb that was under the normal range. Morbillivirus and lnfluenzavirus were examined by RT-PCR assays, but showed negative results. The final diagnosis was congestive cardiomyopathy accompanied by severe parasite infestations.
延伸閱讀
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