知識經濟時代製造業與服務業之發展策略比較

本研究以知識經濟下產業結構之經重組之角度，探討台灣高科技產業的轉型策略，並以台灣無線射頻產業為例，區分製造業與服務業營模式，比較在不同產業發展思維下，未來應採行的產業策略及政策建議。由於高科技產業全球化、自由化與多元化發展之趨勢，加上資訊技術的擴散與網路標準的形成，產業結構正以知識經濟為基礎進行大幅度變化。知識經濟屬服務業之範疇，其重點在於利用特定的槓桿優勢，取得市場主導地位，並利用創新技術與跨領域資訊之整合，配合多元客製化之市場需求，以建立擴充性且整合性高的知識中介創新服務平台。就產業結構之重組而言，知識經濟包括製造業與服務業的思維模式。在製造業中，企業在特的定位條件下，以知識創造與市場應用為出發點，發展單一策略選項的專業化經營模式；服務業之運作則在於結合企業核心能力與外部資源，以知識中介創新服務平台的綱路經營，藉由知識經濟的産業物質，發展為多元策略選項的客製化操作模式，此一産業結構的轉型趨勢正為今日台灣產業發與企業經營的最大契機。本研究分別利用產業組合規劃(Industrial Portfolio)與創新密集服務業(Innovation Intensive Service)模式，分析台灣無線射頻系統製造業與服務業之産業發展策略。研究結果顯示，對制造業而言，台灣目前應強調研究環境、研究發展與市場資訊等産爲創新需求要素之建構；服務業方面，未來資源應投注在産業環境構面中的生產要素、需求條件、企業策略、結構與競爭程度等，同時，技術系統構面中的綱路連結性、多元化創新機制與技術接收能力變爲策略規劃之重點，才利於發展強調資源整合與顧客導向之平台服務模式。

關鍵字

產業組合分析模式；產業創新需求要素；創新密集服務；無線射頻系統

並列摘要

This research focuses on making a comparative analysis of manufacturing and service approaches for emergent industrial development amid the knowledge-based economy. Particularly, a manufacturing approach of industrial portfolio model, and a service approach of ⅡS (innovation intensive service) platform model are used as analytical tools for industrial innovation at both the national and industrial level. A case study on an emerging technology, the Radio Frequency Identification System (RFID) industry, is also used to demonstrate the validity of the models. Globalization and proliferation of product knowledge demands a new approach for industrial upgrading, where several factors of industrial development are defined as driving forces of knowledge-based evolution such as diversity of highly segmented markets, systems and platform services, network effect, and technology-enabled new markets. With this perspective, we construct an industrial portfolio model for manufacturing analysis, which consists of two dimensions, of global industrial value chain and technology life cycle, to devise the strategic positions and future direction of RFID manufacturing development. The model also systemizes the industrial innovation requirements (ⅡR) and corresponding policy instruments for future innovative upgrading. This research also adopts ⅡS platform model for RFID service analysis. The model connects firm’s core competence, value activities, innovation strategies, and externalities, allowing analysis of firm's needed integration of value activities and externalities based on pre-determined type of customization. The result of study reveals that the industrial innovation requirements of ”research and development”, ”research environment” and ”market information” should be emphasized for Taiwan's RFID manufacturing. This research also indicates that connectivity, receiver competence, and variety creation mechanism in the dimension of technological system will be essential in Taiwan's RFID service development. Not only does the conclusion provide a mechanistic comparison of manufacturing and service approaches, it also allows strategic suggestion of resource allocation for RFID industrial development.