產業空間群聚機制之解析－以楠梓加工出口區IC封測群聚為例

本文從「廠商」的層次出發，並以「空間區位－網絡結構－市場結構」的分析架構，以解析「IC封測群聚」形成的重要因素與機制。透過量化的問卷調查與質性的廠商深入訪談，得到以下五點重要發現。首先，產業發展初期階段，土地、勞動、資本仍是廠商區位選擇的重要條件，當產業進入發展階段，鄰近旗艦廠商與上下游廠商、鄰近生產與消費市場，逐漸成為廠商區位選擇之關鍵因素，其中旗艦廠商更是影響產業群聚形成的重要機制；第二，旗艦廠商會因市場結構、生產技術的研發與掌握程度、資金等優勢，使其具有穩定的權力支配，進而影響其上下游廠商的市場策略、生產網絡佈局、專業化發展模式，最後改變這些上下游廠商的空間區位選擇；第三，由在地企業轉型而成的旗艦廠商，因其與在地的社會與文化制度間特殊的網絡關係，透過其企業決策並結合在地網絡，使其在楠梓加工區形成特殊的區域資產，創造出不易移動的生產因素，此為促進廠商在特定空間群聚的重要動力來源；第四，IC封測之創新來源主要來自國外與區內的廠商網絡，不同於以大學和研究機構為主之創新模式；第五，旗艦廠商透過建立上下游合作與創新的網絡，進而促進廠商間朝向專業化發展與吸引專業服務廠商進駐，最後創造出在地的產業群聚。

關鍵字

產業群聚； IC封裝測試業；楠梓加工出口區

並列摘要

The paper aims at analyzing the factors affecting the location choice of firms by using ”glocalization, network structure and market structure” as an analytical framework to study the IC assembling and testing industries in the Nantze Export Processing Zone. Through questionnaires and interviews, there are five important findings as follows. Firstly, land, labor and capital are still the important factors in the early stage of industrial development while the proximity with flagship firms and upstream and downstream industries are becoming key factors in the formation stage of spatial clustering of Industries. Secondly, because of holding advantages of production and consumer market share, innovation and catching ability of technology, flagship firms have the stable power to influence their upstream and downstream firms' location choice by affect their marketing strategies, location distribution and professionalized development model. Thirdly, the specific regional assets created by the local flagship firms that used to be local firms are the important driving force for making firms into a cluster at a certain place because flagship firm have the ability to combine together business decision with local network, a specific network forming by local cultural and social institution. Fourthly, different from the past finding, major innovation resources of IC assembling and testing industries were coming from the local inter-firm networks and international networks while they were used to be universities and research center. Fifthly, the local flagship firms can form a localized industrial cluster by constructing the cooperation and innovation network of upstream and downstream industries in order to force the industries to specialize their further development, and attract supplier firms to enter the network.