This case study was to explore responses and autonomous behaviors of a preschooler with acute lymphoid leukemia during the second hospitalization. The purpose of the hospitalization was for consolidation of chemotherapy. Data collected by using process recordings that completed after participating in nursing care, observation, and communication. The findings showed that the child's responses were cry, refusal, sleeplessness, and smile during hospitalization. Autonomous behaviors included information seeking, help seeking, manipulation, and self-control. According to his behavioral responses, we provided nursing interventions which enabled the child to overcome the stress during hospitalization. The findings of this study should provide references for further clinical nursing care.