成年自殺企圖者之自殺行為分析

Analysis on Suicidal Behaviors for Attempted Suicide Adult Patients

蔣秀容(Shiow-Rong Jeang) ； 林梅鳳(Mei-Feng Lin) ； 齊美婷(Mei-Ting Chi)

《高雄護理雜誌》 30卷1期 (2013/04) Pp. 8-20

https://doi.org/10.6692/KJN-2013-30-1-2

摘要

本研究旨在探討成年自殺企圖者之自殺經驗歷程，採質性現象學研究法，以某醫學中心精神科自殺未遂住院患者為研究對象，藉由直接提供照護及參與式觀察與個案建立信任關係，依半結構式大綱進行深度訪談，歷時1年10個月共訪談七位個案，結果發現成年自殺企圖者其自殺經驗歷程分為二類：（一）衝動型自殺行為：個人面臨無法解決事件時，出現人生無益、自我解脫之助長自殺因子，同時存在著難捨親情、向外求援之削弱自殺因子，當遇導火事件引發自殺念頭，衝動採取自殺行動；（二）計畫型自殺行為：同時存在著助長與削弱自殺因子，持續醞釀自殺動機，並規劃自殺計畫與步驟，遇導火事件後依自殺計畫採取自殺行動。藉由剖析自殺企圖者之歷程，辨識自殺行為脈絡及早防範。

關鍵字

成年自殺企圖者 ； 自殺行為

並列摘要

The aim of this study was to explore suicide behaviors for adult suicidal attempters by the phenomenological theory of qualitative method. The seven patients with suicide attempt were in a psychiatric ward at a medical center as study subjects, for one year ten months. A trustful relationship was established through which the researcher served a vital role as a participant observer. This study has revealed two different types of suicide behavior: (1) The impulsive suicide: Elevating factors for suicide such as 'vanity of a life' and 'self-extrication' and devitalizing factors such as 'sentimentally attached to family' and 'seeking external support', which induced stronger negative effects than devitalizing factors whereby individuals could decide to commit suicide caused by poor impulse control; and (2) The deliberate suicide: Elevating and devitalizing factors were presented concurrently. Although suicidal motivations were continually brewing and suicidal methods were being planned, the devitalizing factors had weaker influences on preventing suicide compared with the elevating factors. Any stress event might trigger a mood change resulting in a suicide action followed the planned schedule. The present study highlights the importance of suicidal behavior and improves discrimination of feelings of hopelessness and self-emancipation.

並列關鍵字

Adult Suicide Attempter ； Suicide Behavior ； Experiences of Suicide