Population aging is a progressing issue in Taiwan, and osteoporosis, one of the most common diseases of elderly, has an occurrence positively correlated with aging. It is the major risk factor for bone fractures in elderly, which not only increases medical and social costs, but also higher risk of death. Therefore, prevention of osteoporosis is an important public health issue. The main preventive strategies for osteoporosis included evaluation of the risk for osteoporosis, screening of high-risk populations, pharmacologic therapy dietary intervention, and exercise. We reviewed literatures on osteoporosis and aimed to enhance clinical nurses’ knowledge and ability of elderly caring.