清人陳澧《東塾讀書記‧小學篇》中說:「蓋時有古今,猶地之有東西、南北,相隔遠則言語不通矣。地遠則有翻譯,時遠則有訓詁。有翻譯則能使 別國如鄉鄰,有訓詁則能使古今如旦暮,所謂通之也。訓詁之功大矣!」因此,訓詁對於現今解讀古籍可說是有極大的貢獻。 《廣雅》一書原來是用以「廣《爾雅》」的,它是一本解釋字詞的工具書。張揖在〈上廣雅表〉中說: 夫《爾雅》之為書也,文約而義固。……臣揖體質蒙蔽,學識詞頑,言無足取。竊以所識,擇撢群藝,文同義異,音轉失讀,八方殊語,庶物易名,不在《爾雅》者,詳錄品覈,以著于篇,凡萬八千一百五十文,分為上中下。 王念孫撰《廣雅疏證》,不但突顯了《廣雅》的精神,對協助後人閱讀古籍有極大的功效,而且還積極發揚「因聲求義」的方法,讓許多因為音轉失讀的字義,都能再求得它的根源。本文乃就《廣雅疏證》的特色、優缺及貢獻進行評析。
Nian-Sun Wang writes ”Kuang Ya Shu Cheng”, not only Represent the characteristic of ”Kuang Ya”, but to helping the descendant to read the ancient book and have great efficiency, develop method of 'Try to Get its Meaning from the Sound' actively also. Let a lot of because sound transfer meaning of word read to lose to. Can try to get its origin again. This dissertation will analysis ”Kuang Ya Shu Cheng” from its advantage and disadvantage.