郭店楚簡《老子》的文獻性質

The Philological Character of Bamboo Lao-tzu Form Guo-Dian

姚志豪(Chi-Hao Yao)

《研究與動態》 17期 (2008/01) Pp. 41-55

摘要

郭店楚墓竹簡1993年冬出土於湖北省荊門市，其中的三組《老子》簡備受矚目，該批簡牘是繼馬王堆漢墓帛書《老子》之後，第二批出土並且年代更早的《老子》傳本。由於郭店簡本《老子》篇章較傳世今本《老子》、帛書《老子》簡略許多，因此，它的文獻特性、傳抄過程雖引起眾多的討論，然而並未得到一致的共識。本篇文字以郭店簡本《老子》的內容編排、簡牘形制以及語言特徵為切入角度，試圖為該簡本《老子》的傳抄來源、方式作出擬測。 筆者以為，簡本《老子》並非某個完整《老子》祖本的部分抄錄，也不是根據某個殘缺的前本迻錄而來，應該是經由經師的記憶、口誦，由學者耳聞加以記錄下來的抄本，這種可能性表現在篇章編排、簡牘形制以及語言特徵三方面最為明顯。因此，歷來根據前本摹抄的說法，就值得重新檢討。

關鍵字

老子 ； 郭店楚墓竹簡 ； 傳抄文獻 ； 簡牘 ； 語錄

並列摘要

The bamboo of Guo-dian was excavated from Jing-men city of Hu-bei in 1993's winter, the three group of bamboo Lao-tzu was looked at attentively by scholars, these documents are second batches copies of bamboo Lao-tzu after Ma-wang-due tomb of Han dynasty. The chapters of Guo-dian Lao-tzu are quiet simply editions, it caused many arguments but never achieved a common consensus.
In this paper we will discuss about three points: contents, appearances and language characters in bamboo Lao-tzu, attempt to find out the source of three bamboo copies
We believe that bamboo Lao-tzu are neithor sections of complete Lao-tzu, nor copies of fragmental documents, it should be notes that written by some young scholars, they heard the classic content from their teachers. This formulation is diffrient from all past conclusions.

並列關鍵字

Guo-dian ； bamboo Lao-tzu ； philological character ； record of lectures