Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may cause complications during the recovery phase because of conditioning regimen, radiotherapy, and immune suppressant medications. This article introduced the complications in the hematologic, gastrointestinal, hepatorenal, pulmonary systems, and the critical issues in nursing care during the transplantation period. This article is expected to cultivate the nurses' competences in nursing care, and improve the nursing care quality during the transplantation period.