Cancer-related cachexia syndrome (CRCS) is the most common symptom for patients with cancer that tends to deteriorate their physical performance, compromise the therapeutic efficacy, impair their psychological, social functions and worsen the patient-caregiver relationship, leading to impacted quality of life and eventually accelerated death. From a clinical perspective, CRCS is still a thorny problem to resolve owing to the limited effective therapy or medications available for relieving this syndrome. As a result, CRCS is prone to be neglected by oncology nurses. The purpose of this paper is to literately review the definition, diagnosis, pathophysiological mechanisms/causes, clinical assessments, treatments, and related evidence-based medical modality and nursing care, enhancing the knowledge about CRCS for nurses to optimally improve the quality of care for this specific population.