We examined the relationship between familial background and children's academic performance by means of meta-analysis. After searching, we got 53 empirical articles, 453 statistics, and 79078 participants. The conclusions were: 1. In general, cultural capital, human capital, financial capital, social capital, SES, and occupational prestige influenced children's academic performance significantly; 2. In detail, participating cultural activities, parents' expectation and assistance, income, and fathers' educational degree and occupation status respectively by each capital were the most effective on children's academic performance; 3. The influence of familial background was different in different periods and educational levels. Finally, we discussed the limitation of our research.