噪音對直昇機飛行員聽力的損害

The Effect of Noise on Hearing of Helicopter Pilots

吳坤霖(Kun-Lin Wu) ； 溫德生(Te-Sheng Wen) ； 黃子權(Tzi-Chuan Hwang)

《中華民國航空醫學暨科學期刊》 21卷1期 (2007/06) Pp. 17-28

https://doi.org/10.7011/JAMSRC.200706.0017

摘要

本研究為94年度空勤體檢時所蒐集107位陸軍直昇機飛行員的聽力檢查結果，用以評估飛機噪音產生的危害。參加受檢者的飛行年資最少者為不足1年，最多者則逾20年：檢查的頻率包括500、1,000、2,000、4,000、8,000Hz，悉以聽閾小於25dB視為正常。
聽力檢查的結果顯示隨飛行年資的增加，聽力受損的人數日趨增加，但多發生在4,000和8,000Hz的音頻，其中以前者較嚴重，且雙耳的損害程度不一。再者，實際測量各機種在不同操作時段的座艙噪音值，發現均以CH-475D的噪音強度為最。然而，當比較高頻聽力損害的情形，則發現多分佈在TH-67教練機的資深飛行員，至於國外換裝AH-1W和OH-58D的年輕飛行員，大都已然建立噪音防護的觀念，所受的影響最少。
本研究亦篩檢出兩名飛行員疑似罹患梅尼爾氏病和聽神經瘤，尚待進一步詳細查證，這也凸顯了年度空勤體檢的重要性。

關鍵字

直昇機 ； 航空噪音 ； 聽力檢查 ； 噪音防護

並列摘要

This study was based upon the results of regular audio examination collected from 107 helicopter pilots of Armed Force in 2005.We dealt with these data for investigating the hazard of hearing loss caused by exposing to aviation noise. The flying year of examinees rang from less-than one year to more-than twenty years. They were examined using clinical audiometer with frequencies of 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000Hz. A permanent threshold above 25 dBA is considered a hearing Impair.
The results showed that the number of hearing loss rises along with the increase in flying year of pilots. It came when test performed with higher sound frequencies, say 4,000 and 8,000Hz, with more serious of 4,000Hz. But difference of degree of impair was found in both ears. Furthermore, we noticed CH-47SD transporter was the loudest aircrafl when measuring the cockpit noise level during different phases of flying. However, the most hearing loss distributed among the senior Instructor pilots of TH-67 compared to others. The good thing was the young pilots of AH-1W and OH-58D suffer least hearing loss. It could be due to being aware of the hazardous effects of noise and having understood to use protective devices properly during the early training phase.
This study also revealed the first signs of Meniere's disease and tumor on audio nerves from two examinees. These two cases need to be ruled out by clinical detail shortly. It is worthy of taking regular examination for those who are daily exposed to environmental noise.

並列關鍵字

helicopter ； aviation noise ； audio examination ； noise protection