民航機師的壓力與性格對工作表現的影響

The Impact of Civil Pilots' Personality and Stress on Their Flight Performance

程千芳(G. Chian-Fang Cherng) ； 徐健(Jian Shiu) ； 溫德生(Te-Sheng Wen)

《中華民國航空醫學暨科學期刊》 25卷1期 (2011/06) Pp. 3-12

https://doi.org/10.7011/JAMSRC.201106.0003

摘要

民航機師的身心健康除關係自身的福祉外，亦與大眾的飛航安全息息相關。職業健康心理學首在診斷、評估和因應員工之壓力，提升他們的身心健康。因為祇有健康的員工，鑱有良好的工作表現，航空公司也鑱能獲利，因此，如何但進民航機師的健康與壓力管理，實為現今航空公司的首要任務之一。柯巴沙曾指出具有堅毅性格特質者，較能免受壓力之影響。本研究即探討民航機師的性格、知覺到的壓力源和壓力因應策略與其工作表現之關係，共有750位民航機師回答研究問卷，有效問卷數為727份。資料分析結果顯示：民航機師的性格特質、壓力源、壓力反應和壓力因應策略等，皆能預測機師們自評的工作表現。特別是機師們的性格因素能關鍵決定他們自評的工作滿意度和工作發展成長。未來若能協助民航機師們增進自我的認識，培養良好的壓力因應模式或增進有效的壓力控管訓練，皆能提升渠等身心之健康和飛航之安全。

關鍵字

飛航表現 ； 飛航性格 ； 飛航壓力

並列摘要

There is a growing body of research devoted to identifying personality traits likely to increase or decrease vulnerability to stress. Such as Kobasa et al (1982) proposed the hardy personality which included three characteristics: commitment, control, and challenge. Their studies had shown that there was a link between this cluster of traits and a lower incidence of physical illness. Green et al. referred stress to be a person's eva1uation downgrading his/her own ability to complete the perceived demand (1996). As such, stress is rather than objective but subjective, and is individual-vulnerable. Since pilots' work can be categorized as a high risk job which is expected to be sensitive to stress, it was of importance to understand the relationships among civil pilots' stress, reactions and habitual coping behaviors, personality, and their flight performance . 750 civil aviators were recruited in this study. Among them, 727 pilots answer validly the questionnaire involving the measures of flight stress, copying types, work performance, personality, and their background. Most of them are Taiwanese (82%). A researcher-made self-report questionnaire, using a 5-point sca1e, consisting of 109 forced-choice items related to work stress, reactions under stress, personality, and stress coping behaviors, was used in this study. All of the data were processed and analyzed by SPSS. Results had been shown the different personality could predict specific stresses and their coping types. The current results support that civilian pilots' personality traits play the important roles in understanding of pilots' stress and coping strategies which closely related to the pilots' flight performances.

並列關鍵字

flight stress ； flight performance ； flight personality