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良性陣發性位置性眩暈之缺點免計考量

Waiver consideration of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

摘要


良性陣發性位置性眩暈又稱為「耳石症」,是由於內耳平衡器官中橢圓囊內的碳酸鈣結晶脫落,當頭部位置相對於重力方向有所改變時,帶動淋巴液流動慣性,而刺激了平衡器官,產生數秒至一分鐘的眩暈、噁心、嘔吐、心悸、冒冷汗、步態不穩或無力感。國外統計資料指出,以暈眩為主訴來求診的病人當中,良性陣發性暈眩占了8%。而其終生盛行率為2.4%;發生率為0.6%/年;女性發生率與盛行率皆高於男性;較好發於老年。診斷方式主要以病史及理學檢查為主。治療方式包含藥物、前庭復健、耳石復位術及手術。當良性陣發性位置性眩暈發生於飛行員身上時可能在執行飛行任務時造成空間迷向、操作失能、肇生意外事件。目前我國航空醫務教範並未針對良性陣發性位置性眩暈做個別討論。良性陣發性位置性眩暈為可復發之疾病,當症狀消失且觀察一定時間確定未復發後,可申請缺點免計。本文根據美國陸、海、空軍航空醫務教範及各國實際案例做討論,提供航醫界制定相關規範之參考。

並列摘要


Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which cause temporal dizziness, nausea, vomiting and general weakness, is a common disease predominantly affects elders and female. BPPV take a self-limiting clinical course in most cases, but the recurrence rate is high and young population is not immune to it. As the symptoms of BPPV may lead to in-flight incapacitation, it is necessary for flight surgeon to understand the disease and its potential threat to flight safety. In this article, we will discuss the impact of BPPV on pilot's health, potential risk on aviation safety along with its aeromedical considerations. We will also review related case reports in literature and compare the waiver regulations of BPPV in different agencies.

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