飛行員體適能與抗G動作效益的評估

隨著近年戰鬥機操控性能提升，飛行員於高＋Gz的環境中執行精準作戰科目的時間大幅度增加，因此藉由良好的體適能訓練來幫助飛行員提升抗G耐力表現，以避免人員受傷或發生G力昏迷。本文參照我國及其他國家研究，飛行員需要具備基本的全身肌肉強度、爆發力、肌耐力及快速的體力恢復能力等因素，以此探討無氧運動及有氧運動訓練項目對飛行員執行抗G動作耐力之相關效益性。本文歸納出以下結論：在有氧運動方面，有研究顯示確實可增進飛行員心肺功能，來加強身體因肌肉作功耗損的恢復能力，但訓練量應適當，避免身體副交感系統向上調節，導致身體抗G壓力反應減弱；另建議可採高強度間歇訓練，取代傳統心肺耐力訓練模式，在提升心肺功能的同時，增強全身動作單位傳導速度、增強肌肉力量及肌肉體積。無氧運動方面，文獻探討顯示，抗G動作正確條件之下，「緊張性G耐力」與「鬆弛性G耐力」皆與上、下肢肌力有顯著正相關，故訓練方針應注重上肢及下肢重量訓練，並以無氧訓練為主，有氧訓練為輔的方式來實施鍛鍊全身上下肌肉。另空軍空勤人員重量訓練暨測驗計畫，測驗項目著重「肌耐力」及「肌力」，建議後續測驗計畫應增加肌肉「爆發力」測驗項目，達有效抗G重訓效益。

關鍵字

抗G動作；體適能；相關；效益評估

並列摘要

Advancements in modern fighter aircraft performance requires pilots to execute tactical maneuvers under high +Gz stress for extended periods of time, thus exposing them to constant threats of G-force induced loss of consciousness (GLOC). It is therefore essential for fighter pilots to improve G tolerance through effective physical fitness training. This article gives a brief overview of the current R.O.C Air Force Aircrew Physical Training and Assessment Program. It also examines various studies assessing the relationship between anaerobic and aerobic training and the efficacy to perform the Anti-G straining maneuver (AGSM). The role of various pilot physical training factors such as muscle strength, explosive power, muscle endurance and physical recovery were discussed. Aerobic exercise can improve cardiorespiratory function and enhance recovery from muscle fatigue after AGSM. However, aerobic training should be moderate to avoid unnecessary adaptations of the body's parasympathetic reaction, which may weaken G tolerance response. High-intensity interval training is recommended to replace regular cardiopulmonary endurance training in order to improve muscle contraction speed, muscle strength, muscle volume and cardiovascular function. In terms of anaerobic exercise, both upper and lower limb muscle strength are positively correlated with ＂tense G endurance＂ and ＂relaxed G endurance＂. Therefore, training policy should focus on both upper and lower extremities, with weight training as a priority supplemented by adequate aerobic training. Lastly, the R.O.C Air Force Training Program mostly emphasizes on muscle endurance and muscle strength training, whereas lacking in explosive power development criteria. We therefore recommend the aforementioned training category to be included to achieve maximum training efficacy.

並列關鍵字

Anti-G strain maneuver(AGSM) ； physical fitness ； relationships ； effectiveness assessment

國際替代計量

飛行員體適能與抗G動作效益的評估

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