B型肝炎的飛行安全與缺點免計考量

Flight safety concerns and waiver considerations of hepatitis B

李孟穎(Meng-Yin Li) ； 林彣彧(Wen-Yu LIN) ； 劉育彤(Yu-Tong Liu) ； 鄭雲聲(Yun-Sheng Chung)

《中華民國航空醫學暨科學期刊》 34卷1&2期 (2020/12) Pp. 79-84

https://doi.org/10.7011/JAMSROC.202012_34(1_2).0009

摘要

Ｂ型肝炎在臺灣的盛行率，從早年的未開中國家，到今日衛生條件以及醫療普及的年代，依然居高不下，可謂國病。而肝臟本身之於人體的功能，除了可以分泌消化液，另外也有諸多重要的功能，像是分泌各類蛋白、儲存能量以及分解毒物的功能，尤為人體內重要的臟器。因此當肝炎發生時，將會產生除了消化問題以外，其他的系統性臨床症狀，諸如黃疸、搔癢、發燒、脾臟腫大、下肢水腫、腹水、肝肺病變、肝腦病變等等。而在肝炎形成的過程中，可能因為病程進展緩慢而因此忽略病況變化，導致飛行員忽視肝炎對飛行安全的威脅。因此藉由此次報告將探討飛行員與Ｂ型肝炎的關聯性，並總結航空醫官作為接觸飛行員的第一線醫療人員，應該如何進行衛教與防範。

關鍵字

B型肝炎 ； 航醫鑑定

並列摘要

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. The virus is transmitted through the blood or other body fluids of an infected person. The prevalence rate of hepatitis B in Taiwan was extremely high 40 years ago, hepatitis B can be considered as ＂national disease＂ at that time. The prevalence dropped dramatically after our government started mass vaccination program against hepatitis B in 1984. However, for those who have already been chronically infected, it can lead to serious and debilitating liver disease, including liver cancer, if left untreated. Symptoms such as jaundice, itching, fever, splenomegaly, edema, ascites, hepatopulmonary syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, if developed in an aircrew, may jeopardize flight safety. This report discusses the flight safety concerns of hepatitis B, and summarize waiver considerations on this disease in different agencies. Flight surgeons need to educate aircrew about this disease and try to prevent hepatitis B from causing health problems to aircrews.

並列關鍵字

Hepatitis B ； Aeromedical concerns