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椎弓解離及脊椎脫位之航空醫學考量

The Aeromedical Concerns of Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis

摘要


下背痛為飛行員常見的臨床症狀,其中椎弓解離症為可能肇因之一。椎弓解離症通常沒有症狀,為影像檢查意外發現,過去研究指出其與下背痛相關,症狀常會自行緩解。高達90%的椎弓解離症發生在第五節腰椎,在正常人中有3-6%的盛行率且好發於青年運動員。20~40%的椎弓解離會進展成為脊椎脫位,對於飛行員來說,椎弓解離症或是脊椎脫位其造成的疼痛不太可能導致突然失能,但可能會在飛行操作過程中分心,本篇文章依照飛行員的症狀、鑑別診斷、治療、航空醫學考量及各國缺點免計等面向做討論,在不危害飛行安全的狀況下,航醫可以考慮給予缺點免計。

並列摘要


Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are common etiologies of low back pain, the prevalence of these diagnoses is around 6~7%. Up to 90% of spondylolysis occur at L5 lumbar vertebrae, sponsylolisthesis most commonly occurs at L5-S1 level. Around 20-40% of spondylosis may progress to spondylolisthesis. Some patients diagnosed with spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis by image may be without symptoms. Low back pain is not rare among military pilots. For those pilots, spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis hardly lead to sudden incapacitation. However, pain from these condition may be distracting, nerve root compression may affect G-tolerance and flight safety. The flight surgeon should be aware of the potential risks of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Waiver is based on the safety of aviation; symptoms, differential diagnosis, comprehensive examination, treatment response should all be put into consideration.

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