臺灣文化資產保存的發展與特質1984-2007

The Development and Characteristic of Taiwanese Cultural Property Conservancy 1984-2007

李汾陽(Fan-Yang Lee)

《通識研究集刊》 13期 (2008/06) Pp. 57-75

https://doi.org/10.6488/JCGE.200806.0057

摘要

面對1950年代以來世界保護人類與自然文化資產的潮流，臺灣顯得回應甚晚，文化資產保存的觀念上仍然落後於世界其他國家。當時世界各國鑒於以往各個國家因歷史等之組成不盡相同，各有其傳統文化及歷史根源。常因國家間之領土紛爭或種族、宗教偏見或經濟活動、開發行為引發許多紛爭與破壞的問題，使得人類經常失去許多珍貴的自然及文化資產。基於人類應以跨族羣、宗教、國界以共同合作的方法保存重要文化遺產的觀念，在1972年11月16日聯合國教科文組織(United Nations Education、Scientific and Cultural Organization)本部巴黎召開的第十七次大會中獲得在場國家一致決議通過，世界文化遺產暨自然遺產保護公約，並於1975年12月17日正式生效。
我國政府則於1982年正式成立文化建設委員會，主掌各項文化建設業務以有效保存文化資產，並分別於1982及1984年完成〈文化資產保存法〉及〈文化資產保存法施行細則〉之制定，就我國而言是當時最重要的文化建設工程之一。與世界潮流比較之下顯然我國在設立主管機關與制定相關法律方面已落後了一段距離，同時我國又非聯合國的會員國，所以在在文化資產領域接受國際合作與協助上也產生隔離現象，因此國民對於文化資產保存的觀念至今亦不普及，縱使我們即使擁有世界級的人文資產或獨特的自然景觀，至今也不能達成任何申登的成績。致使〈文化資產保存法〉自施行以來效果並不十分彰顯。
因此，本文針對二十餘年來我國文化資產法規的內容修訂與主管機關的演變為中心，探討並分析我國文化資產保存的發展特質。

關鍵字

文化資產保存法 ； 文化資產保存法施行細則 ； 文化資產

並列摘要

The world protects mankind and the natural cultural property since 1950's. Taiwan seems to be response very late that the idea of cultural property conservancy still gets behind the other countries in the world. At the time international owing to each countries composition are not to homology for their history cause, each had traditional culture and history source. These are the territory conflict, race, religious prejudice, economic activities, and development behavior of the national causes the problem of many conflicts and puncture for every country, developing make the mankind lose many precious natures and cultural property. According to mankind should with across ethnicity, religion, national boundary with together cooperate of method to conservancy important cultural inheritance. On November 16, 1972 United Nations Education、Scientific and Cultural Organization convene of the 17th-time general assembly the resolution consistently pass in Paris, cultural inheritance in the world and natural inheritance protection convention, and formally take effect on December 17, 1975.
Our government establishes Council for Cultural Affairs in 1982, main administers cultural construction traffic with valid conservancy cultural property, and distinguish to complete ＜Implementation Rules for the Cultural Heritage Preservation Law＞ and ＜preservation of cultural assets＞ in 1982 and 1984 years. With world trend in my country has already fallen behind a distance in the aspects of establishing supervisor's organization and drawing up related law, Taiwan is not the member of UN, so in the cultural property realm of accept an international cooperation and help also generate a separation phenomenon. Therefore the citizen doesn't popularize to the preservation of cultural assets. Even thought we have world-class humanities property or special geography view, we can't achieve to application. The Cultural Heritage Preservation Law is not effect quite to show from implement to now.
Consequently, this center text aims at the content of cultural assets laws to revise, CCA development, discussion and analysis developing character in preservation of cultural assets for more than 20 years.

並列關鍵字

Council for Cultural Affairs ； Cultural Assets ； Implementation Rules for the Cultural Heritage Preservation Law ； preservation of cultural assets