「送窮」考

Textual Research on 「SongQiong」

姜守誠(Shou-Cheng Jiang)

《成大歷史學報》 40期 (2011/06) Pp. 175-233

https://doi.org/10.7076/CKJHS.201106.0175

摘要

「送窮」是南北朝及唐代開始盛行的一種民俗活動，其含義就是將「窮鬼」送走、迎來富足生活，這代表了廣大勞動人民希望擺脫貧窮的美好願望。盡管歷代的「送窮」內涵大抵相同，但各地風俗之表現形式則多種多樣，「送窮」之日期也頗有差異，禁忌觀念各不相同。此外，部分地區民眾在「送窮」的同時，也流行「迎富」之舉。本文結合史料文獻，試對這兩種習俗的緣起背景、演變過程、祭祀日期及行為禁忌等內容，予以梳理和考證。

關鍵字

送窮 ； 迎富 ； 窮鬼 ； 送窮文 ； 民俗禁忌

並列摘要

As a kind of folk custom, 「SongQiong」 (送窮) began to prevail in the Southern and Northern Dynasties or Tang Dynasty 「SongQiong」 (送窮) means seeing out the 「QiongGui」 (窮鬼) and seeing in wealthy life, which represented people's nice will of rising up from poverty. Although the connotations of 「SongQiong」 送窮) in different periods were the same, forms of this folk custom in different areas were various, times of 「SongQiong」 (送窮) were different and ideas of taboo were not like. Besides, people of some areas carried out 「YingFu」 (迎富) 的they carried out 「SongQiong」 (送窮). This paper tries to research these two kinds of folk custom on their backgrounds, evolution, sacrificial dates and taboo, taking advantage of historical material.

並列關鍵字

SongQiong 送窮 ； YingFu 迎富 ； QiongGui 窮鬼 ； Document of SongQiong 送窮 ； taboo of folk custom

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