論我國海上貨物保險之保險利益問題與解決建議

保險利益爲保險契約有效成立的基礎，適用於海上保險時有許多與其他保險不同之處，尤其在海上貨物保險，因爲國際及海上貨運的特殊性，當保險標的物之所有友轉讓，或危險負擔移轉時，如何認定保險利益之存在，常造成保險與國貿業者之困擾，本文擬從英國海上保險法對於海上保險利益之規定，闡述貨物保險利益之意義，並深入剖析海上保險利益在我國所發生之問題。本文發現因我國海上保險利益之相關法律獻寶不完整，造成實務上如當事人定位、保險單轉讓，以及保險利益應存在的時點等問題，另外之問題乃是當貨物所有權移轉與危險擔移轉不一致時，確定保險理賠請示權之歸屬問題。最後本文建議應進一步修正保險法，並以貨物價金利益喪失之一方，爲具有保險利益之一方，其得以向保險人請求權損害賠償。

關鍵字

海上保險；保險利益；貨物保險；國際貿易；危險負擔移轉

並列摘要

Insurable interest is the foundation effectively formed for insurance contract, yet it is different from other insurance in many ways while applying to marine insurance, especially to marine cargo insurance. Because of the specialty of international trade and marine cargo practice, while transfer the ownership of subject-matter insured or risk transfers, the question of how to define the existence of insurance interest has often caused trouble for the underwriters and international traders. This article intends to describe the meaning of cargo insurable interest and analyze in depth the problems incurred by marine insurable interest in Taiwan from the regulations for marine insurable interest of the Marine Insurance Act 1906. This study finds that since the relevant legal regulations for our marine insurable interest are incomplete, it has caused pragmatic problems like the identification of the subject, policy transfer and the time and place that the insurance interest should exist. The other problem is to confirm the belonging of right to claim for insurance while the cargo ownership transfer is inconsistent with the risk transfer. Lastly, this paper would like to suggests that the insurance law be further amended, and entitles the party who bears the loss of cargo value interest to insurance interest to be able to claim damage indemnity with the insurer.