跆拳道比賽規則修訂對選手攻擊型態改變之探討

跆拳道運動為追求公平、公正之原則，多次修訂比賽規則及採用電子護具，以增加比賽之可看性與避免人為因素的操控。本研究採文獻探討法蒐集相關文獻，旨在了解比賽規則修訂和電子護具使用對比賽表現是否造成影響。研究結果發現比賽規則修訂對選手之攻擊型態有所改變，鼓勵選手技術動作多元化，使技、戰術相互配合運用，綜合競技水準獲得向上提升的發展；現今因規則的改變以及電子護具的使用，雖選手得分動作主要還是以中端為主，不過上端攻擊頻率有逐漸提升之趨勢；攻擊型態不因為電子護具的使用而有所改變，仍以主動的攻擊型態為主，有效得分以被動攻擊型態居多。因此，在訓練時，可多鼓勵選手要主動攻擊，呈現主動攻擊型態，主動讓自己創造得分的機會，而不是被動的等待對手攻擊。研究結果期能提供予教練比賽指導以及選手技戰術運用作參考，期能協助提升跆拳道之競技發展。

關鍵字

上端攻擊；轉身動作；攻擊型態

並列摘要

In order to pursue the principles of fairness and justice, the competition rules of taekwondo have been repeatedly amended and electronic protectors have been adopted to make competitions more exciting to watch and to avoid the manipulation of human factors. This study collated relevant research articles in a literature review with the aim of discovering whether the rule amendments and the adoption of electronic protectors have affected competition performances. The research results found that rule amendments changed the players' attack patterns, encouraged players to diversify their technical movements, enabled the cooperative use of techniques and tactics, and improved the players' comprehensive competitive abilities. With the current rule amendments and adoption of electronic protectors, though players still scored mostly by attacking the middle torso, there was a gradually increasing trend toward more frequent attacks on the upper torso; attack patterns did not change with the adoption of electronic protectors, and players still mainly scored by passive attacks and adopted active attack patterns. Thus, during training, it is better to encourage players to attack actively and exhibit active attack patterns, in order to actively create their own opportunities for scoring instead of passively waiting for their opponents to attack. It is hoped that the research results will be able to provide suggestions to coaches for competition instruction and to players during their application of techniques and tactics, as well as promoting the development of taekwondo.