移動之間的發現與感動：鐵路保存策略的探討

Discovery and Touching in Motion-Exploring the Strategy on Taiwan's Railway Heritage Preservation

蔡旺洲(Wang-Chou Tsai)

《科技博物》 5卷5期 (2001/09) Pp. 20-34

摘要

早期的鐵路博物館與其他博物館一樣，將各式各樣鐵路文物收藏進入博物館內，以供展示之用。鐵路文物一旦被收藏進入博物館內，就成為去脈絡化的博物館展示品，雖然文物被完好地保存，卻不再有機會發揮其原有的功能。近年來，現地保存的觀念常常被討論，而且逐漸成為主要的保存策略之一，鐵路文化資產的保存在這樣的趨勢之下，也逐漸呈現新的面貌，著名的案例如英國約克國立鐵路博物館、日本京都梅小路蒸氣機關車館與日本群馬縣碓冰嶺鐵道文化村等等，都是採取現地保存的鐵路博物館。國內對於鐵路文化資產的關注比起國外起步晚了很多，在現地保存的趨勢影響之下，國內鐵路文化資產一開始即以現地保存為主要思考方向，諸如台鐵彰化扇形車庫、舊山線鐵路、台中車站、舊竹田車站的保存訴求，乃至於集集線鐵路與阿里山森林鐵路全線完整保存的訴求，其實都與現地保存的趨勢密不可分，最近由行政院所核定的舊山線鐵路復駛規劃案，則是現地保存的趨勢之下，又一個被驗證的案例。舊山線鐵路是國內鐵路保存史上最值得探討的案例之一，不只是其本身豐富的歷史內涵值得深入研究，舊山線這幾年走過的曲折歷程即整個台灣鐵路文化資產保存的縮影，與其他案例互相牽動。除了期待中央政府挹注資源之外，地方民眾與地方政府才應該是鐵路保存的主角，從舊山線保存的案例之中，我們看到地方的努力終於促使中央政府核定舊山線復駛，未來地方應該持續參與。而且，不光是舊山線，其他案例的成敗與否其實都與地方的積極參與有密切關係。

關鍵字

鐵路保存策略 ； 現地保存 ； 現地保存型鐵路博物館 ； 鐵路文化資產 ； 舊山線鐵路 ； 社區參與 ； 動態展演

並列摘要

Like other museums, railway museums at the early stage collected every kind of railway relics for exhibition. Once those relics were put inside the museums, they did not have the chance to serve original function. In recent years, the concept of preservation on the original site arouses heating debates and became one of the major preservation policies. To follow this trend, preservation of railway heritage has turned up a new meaning. Well known examples are National Railway Museum in York, Umeikoji Steam Locomotive Museum in Kyoto and Usuitouge Railway Culture Village in Gunma, Japan which were built on the original sites. In this regard of railway preservation, Taiwan is behind other countries. However, under the impact of the notion of on-site preservation, Taiwan's railway heritage took this approach right from the beginning, such as Taiwan Railway such as the fan- shaped Taiwan Railway's Changhua Locomotive Shed, Old Mountain Line, Taichung Station, Old Chutien Station, Chichi Line, and Ali Mountain Railway etc. Those preservation ties with the concept of on-site preservation. Restoration project of Old Mountain Line conducted by the Executive Yuan is another good example of preservation in this kind. This is a case deserving to pay more attentions than others, not only because of the rich historical contents but also because of the experience suffered many year's struggling represents the whole movement of the preservation of railway heritage in Taiwan. Besides the expectation on the funds from the central government, local government of each level and citizens should be the key actors. In the case of preservation of Old Mountain Line Railway, we have seen the efforts from local level made the restoration become true after getting central government's financial help. Old Mountain Line Railway restoration is not a final case, the success of other cases still depends on the continuing participation of local governments and citizens in the future.