博物館休閒教育展演活動的研究：火金姑的夏天

據國內學者多次研究及調查，國人頻率最高的休閒行為都集中在看電視、閱讀書報、聊天、聽廣播、散步等幾項。可見台灣人民休閒生活的品質並未隨著經濟的高度發展而成長，即休閒機會的選擇缺乏豐富性、休閒活動的參與不夠多樣化，休閒的品質與滿足也過於低落，因此，有賴社會做好休閒教育的規劃及推廣休閒教育的觀念，以做為解決的途徑。國立自然科學博物館前漢寶德館長乃提出「文化觀光的時代」觀念，要博物館必須突破傳統的形象，而具有觀光事業所必備的多樣性。所以國立科學工藝博物館自86年11月開館後，為提倡博物館休閒觀念，參考國立自然科學博物館「博物館教室」做法，於88年寒假開始，推出名為『科學探索隊』系列活動，介紹內容包含衛星、靜電、低溫及空氣等科技生活主題，特別以講員現身說法，由觀衆採預約或臨時方式參加，提供觀衆在休閒之時，寓教於樂多樣化的選擇，特別是在90年的暑假期間，結合自然生態表演深奧的科學原理，推出「火金姑的夏天」科學演示活動，深受家長及小朋友熱烈回響。研究動機「火金姑的夏天」科學演示活動總計七、八月假日十六場次，參加人數達1387人，每場平均87人，突破以往參觀人數之紀錄，值得探討該活動對觀衆如何具吸引力？以作為未來設計活動之參考。研究方式及內容本研究採用問卷調查法，即對參加科學演示活動之觀衆發放問卷，並作意見調查。一、問卷設計：包含受訪者的基本資料、從哪裡獲得活動訊息、參加動機、講解內容、現場冷光佈置、活動時間及比較曾參加過的演示活動等。二、實施時間：以參加8月18、19、25及26四天的觀衆做調查。資料分析與討論本次調查總計完成143份問卷，扣掉無效問卷1份，有效問卷142份。而根據問卷調查結果有以下討論：（一）就活動訊息方面：設計台灣童謠「火金姑」及唐朝杜甫所著「螢火」等內容，印製成精美的書籤，於進館時發送，頗具廣告宣傳效果，還可讓人保存紀念。（二）參加活動原因方面：發現觀衆為什麼想參加這個活動，選擇最多是「對螢火蟲有興趣」佔30.8%、其次「假日休閒」21.2%、「子女教育」17.1%，顯示螢火蟲確實頗具吸引力。（三）活動本身方面：超過七成對於講解內容難易度反應「剛剛好」、其次「有點難」11.3%、「有點簡單」8.5%，顯示對於講者表示肯定且能接受。結論一、博物館應多發展休閒教育的功能二、科技博物館的展演活動可實踐休閒教育三、以休閒教育作為開發展演活動的方向四、以「光」為主軸之科技議題深具吸引力

關鍵字

休閒；休閒教育；博物館與休閒；展演活動

並列摘要

According to a large number of research and surveys, the most frequent leisure activities for people in Taiwan are watching TV, reading, chatting, listening to radio and walking. This indicates that the quality of leisure time does not improve along with a highly developed economy. Recreational activity options are few. The types of leisure activities are not diverse and the quality and satisfaction of leisure time is low. Therefore, recreational education needs to be well planned and the concept of recreational education needs to be promoted, so as to solve these problems. Mn Hang, Pao-te, the former head of the National Natural Science Museum, developed the concept of ”cultural tourism era”, stating that museums must break away from their traditional image and show diversity, which is necessary for the tourist business. Therefore, since its inauguration in November 1997, the National Science & Technology Museum has been promoting itself as a recreational museum; take the example of the ”museum classroom” in the National Natural Science Museum. In the winter break in 1999, it started a series of activities called ”Science Expedition” included were topics about technology and life such as satellite, static electricity, low temperature, atmosphere, etc. Speakers were invited to give explanations and demonstrations. The public can either make an appointment or walk in. It provides more educational entertainment choices for people in their leisure time. During the summer break in 2001, ”Summer of Ho-kingku” a scientific performance and exhibition, combined in-depth scientific principles of ecology and received enthusiastically positive remarks from children and parents. Motive The ”Summer of Ho-kingku” had sixteen showings during July and August. Approximately 1,387 people participated, an average 87 people per show. It broke the record of past activities. It is worth exploring how this particular activity attracted the audience in order to serve as a future reference. Method and Content This study adopted the questionnaire method. Participants of the showings received a question naire and their opinions were surveyed. 1 .Questionnaire design: basic information of the interviewees, how did they know about the activity, motivation for participating, comparison with other exhibitions and performances, and their opinions on the lectures, scenes, lights, decorations, time, etc. 2. Duration: the 18”, 19”, 25” and 26” of August. Data analysis and discussions: 143 questionnaires were completed. One was invalid, so the total of valid questionnaires is 142. The following discussions are based on the result of the survey: 1. Activity information: a Taiwanese nursery rhyme ”Ho-kingku” and the poem ”Firefly” written by Du-fu in the Tang Dynasty were designed and printed as delicate bookmarks and given out to visitors when they entered. This had a good advertising effect since they could be kept as souvenirs. 2. Reasons of Participation: visitors wanted to participate in the activity mainly because they were ”interested in fireflies”, approximately 30.8%. The second reason was ”holiday recreation” 21.2%; and the next choice was ”education for children” 17.1%. It shows that the firefly is indeed an appealing subject. 3. Activity Itself: more than 70% of people considered the content of lectures good 11.3% of participants found it a little difficult 8.5% found it a little too easy. This indicates most people approved and accepted the speakers. Conclusion 1. The museum should develop more recreational education functions. 2. Exhibitions and performances in the museum of technology can carry out recreational Educatio. 3. Recreational education provides a major direction for the development of exhibitions and performances. 4. Technological topics with the theme of ”light” are very popular.