從活字檢索、中文打字機到中文電腦－技術與社會的交互纏繞

From Moveable Type Printing Index, Chinese Typewriting to Chinese Computer: The Entanglement of Technology and Society

范成偉(Cheng-Wei Fan)

《科技博物》 11卷1&2期 (2007/06) Pp. 69-86

摘要

語文是人類族群特有的文化資產，其演化亦隨歷史文明而進展。近代由於電腦科技的興起，使得傳統活版印刷業者面臨世代的交替，被現代的電腦排版技術所取代。電腦的中文化是我國獨具的特徵，因中文是目前世界僅存的非字母系統文字，具有強烈的圖形表象概念，在活字排版印刷上並不易檢索使用，也不利於電腦化；然而中文電腦的技術卻可追溯至中文活字檢索技術的發展。本研究主要探討中文活字檢索技術的變遷，以中國活字印刷技術的發展為主軸，在技術的發展過程中如何影響中國社會。中文未電腦化之前因為活字檢索技術的發展，在民國初年是否將中文改為拼音系統，曾經過一番論戰，今日由於電腦輸入方法的影響，原本大家熟悉的中文倉頡造字概念，因為輸入法的解構，不管是台灣熟悉使用的倉頡輸入法或注音輸入法，中國大陸使用的五筆輸入法，已讓中文象形的概念逐漸潰散，越來越多的青少年因為電腦技術的影響，以及缺乏書寫的練習，讓越來越多的火星文流行在電腦網路社群的交談行為中，長此以往，中文是否會因此技術而如何變化，將是本文所欲探討的技術社會現象。

關鍵字

中文活字檢索 ； 倉頡輸入法 ； 五筆輸入法 ； 火星文

並列摘要

The language is the unique culture heritage of mankind. Its evolution also progresses along with the historical civilization. Because the rising and development of computer technology, the traditional typesetting printing technology is facing with generation's replacement and is superseded by the modern computer layout setting technology. The Chinese computerizing is our country's special feature since the Chinese is the only exiting non-alphabet language system. It has strong graph representation concept and is not easy to apply in the typesetting printing technology for indexing and computerizing. Nevertheless, the origination of Chinese computerizing technology can be traced to its source and is coming from the development of Chinese moveable type printing technology. The research focused on the development and change of Chinese moveable type printing and how it affected the Chinese society. Before the Chinese computerizing, there was a war of words during the period of 1900s for the Chinese innovation of phonetic transcription system due to improvement for efficiency of Chinese moveable type printing. Today, the computer input methods are gradually destructed by the influence of computer keyboard input custom. No matter the Cangjie method and pinyin method used in Taiwan or the Wubizixing method used in Mainland China, they all make the pictograph concept of Chinese Characters gradually disappear. Because of the computer technology influence and the lack of writing practice, more and more young people start to use the Martian language in the network community communication. Will Chinese be affected and changed by such kind of technology? This paper discussed about such kind of technology phenomenon in the society.

並列關鍵字

Chinese moveable type printing ； Cangjie method ； Wubizixing method ； Martian Language

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