博物館觀衆研究的範圍包含了教育活動、展示、公共服務等層面,依各層面核心工作規劃與執行的不同階段,則可分為前置性、形成性、補救性與總結性等四類評量。前置性評量屬性的觀衆研究,主要目的是了解觀衆的想法與實際需求,並預期能以此確立計畫目標及後續細部規劃。國外博物館界在1980年代末期開始,主要應用前置性評量於博物館的展示規劃,之後也應用於教育活動規劃;然而,國內博物館運用前置性評量的案例並不多,對教育活動進行的案例仍屈指可數。本文整理國內外博物館教育活動之前置性評量相關案例,主要探討前置性評量應用的發展與情況,針對其研究場域、方法、對象、成果......等進行歸納與分析,期能提供國內博物館界運用前置性評量於教育活動規劃之參考。
Museum visitor studies apply to education programs, exhibits, and public services, etc. Targeted on the visitors with different background, evaluation can be divided into four types: front-end evaluation, formative evaluation, remedial evaluation and summative evaluation and is used at different stages of the plan respectively. The purpose of a front-end evaluation is not only to understand visitors' opinion and actual needs toward the up-coming exhibition, education programs or other services, but also to clarify the objectives of plans and the following schemes. The museum fields in the western countries started to adopt front-end evaluation on exhibition planning mainly in 1980s and education programs, public service afterward. However, the cases of application of front-end evaluation in museums in Taiwan are not many, especially on education programs. This paper examines empirical researches on the application of front-end evaluation in museums and its development from a variety of aspects. Based on the analysis and results, suggestions are made for best practices in museums in Taiwan.