文化不利與文化不力：博物館的反身式觀點

近年博物館界展開文化平權風潮。然而，種種文化平權作為依然無法解決結構性的文化不利問題。當前文化平權以「供給／缺陷模式」進行，例如以無障礙設施改善身心障礙者之空間近用不便。博物館沒有意識到的是，自身依然處於工業社會的生產供給模式，以知識權力集中的菁英生產研究、典藏、展示及教育推廣，再行銷擴散給社會大眾。「供給／缺陷模式」讓博物館處於無意識的文化不利與文化不力，即博物館在快速變遷的時代環境中不斷地流失競爭力與魅力。若體察社會變遷趨勢朝向分散式神經網絡連結，則博物館宜考慮改弦易轍為「需求／增益模式」。透過面向社會議題的多元對話及公共參與，讓博物館成為社會議題的交會區，並客製化地讓顧客獲得成功之所需。這般模式將放棄大展覽，而以歷史共筆概念，讓博物館與社會大眾在「協力增生」（co-production）中相互需要與相互培力，就有可能消除上述的文化不利及文化不力。

關鍵字

文化平權；供給缺陷模式；需求增益模式；協力增生

並列摘要

In recent years, museums have set off a wave of cultural equal rights. However, the various cultural equality practices have failed to solve the problem of structural cultural disadvantages. At present, cultural equality progresses through the ＂supply/defect model＂. For example, accessibility facilities have been used to improve the inconvenience of space accessibility for persons with disabilities. What museums fail to realize is that they are still under the ＂production and supply model＂ of an industrial society. The elites with knowledge power concentration engage in production research, archiving, showcasing, and educational promotion, which are in turn given to the general public through marketing divergence. The ＂supply/defect model＂ is in a state of unconscious cultural disadvantages and cultural incompetence. That is to say: in rapidly changing times, competitiveness and appeal are constantly lost. Investigating from the trend of social change toward decentralized neural network links, it is advisable for museums to consider changing their course to the ＂demand/uplift model＂. Through multiple dialogues directed toward social issues and public participation, museums will be the junction of social issues, while customizing the requirements for customers to achieve success. This model abandons large exhibitions and instead adopts the concept of history co-writing by museums and the general public who need and empower one another through co-production. This way, the elimination of cultural disadvantage and cultural incompetence mentioned above will become a possibility.