兩晉南北朝時期河隴地區佛教寺院考略

佛教自兩漢之際傳入中國內地之後，佛教寺院也陸續在內地修建。河隴地區是佛教傳入最早的地區之一，因此在東漢時期就已經建有佛寺。兩晉南北朝時期是中國佛教發展的一個重要時期，同時也是河隴地區佛教最為繁榮的時期，然而史籍與佛典關於這一時期河隴地區佛教寺院的記載非常少。筆者詳檢史籍及敦煌文獻，檢得這一時期河隴地區佛教寺院二十餘所。通過對這二十餘所佛教寺院分布狀況的研究，筆者總結出這一時期河隴佛教寺院在地域分布上的若干特點。關於兩晉南北朝時期河隴地區佛教寺院的建築形式，史書及佛典中亦無記載，不過通過對同一時期與河隴毗鄰的西域地區的佛寺考古成果，以及史書中透露的點滴資訊分析，我們能夠推測出河隴地區在這一時期也流行回字形的塔寺。

關鍵字

兩晉南北朝；河隴地區；佛教寺院；分布特點；回字形塔寺

並列摘要

Buddhism was introduced to China in the Han Dynasty, and the Buddhist temples have been built in the mainland since then. He-long was one of the earliest areas that Buddhism was introduced to, so the Buddhist temples had been built there in Eastern Han Dynasty. The Two Jins Southern and Northern Dynasties period is an important period in terms of Buddhism development in the Chinese history; simultaneously it is also the most prosperous time for Buddhism in the He-long area. However, there are very few historical records and Buddhist classics about the Buddhist temples in that period in the He-long area. In this paper, the historical records and Dunhuang literature were examined, and 20 Buddhist temples in that period in the He-long area were explored. By investigating the 20 Buddhist temples' distributing conditions, certain characteristics of region distribution in that period in the He-long area were obtained. There were no records in the history books and Buddhist scriptures about Buddhist monasteries architectural forms of He-long region in the Two Jins and Southern and Northern Dynasties. However, by analyzing the archaeological results of Buddhist temples in the adjacent Western Region, and the information revealed in the historical books, we can speculate that pagoda-shaped temples were also very popular in the He-long region in this period.