「人間佛教」的再思考－兼論心道法師的「人生佛教」理念與實踐

人間佛教發展至今，隱然已成為當代兩岸佛教發展的主流方向，然而人間佛教在發展過程雖然為佛教注入新的生命力，卻也帶來如庸俗化、去神聖化的諸多疑慮，人間佛教的未來應該如何發展，成為一個相當值得深思的佛教發展課題。本文從探討人間佛教如何成為當代佛教顯學為起點，回溯和梳理以「佛法人間化」為內涵的太虛大師的「人生佛教」理念，與承襲此觀念往下發展的印順法師的「人間佛教」論述，之後再論及台灣當代人間佛教實踐的發展面貌以及存在的隱憂。最後探討靈鷲山心道法師如何對當代人間佛教的實踐進行反思，並且在依循太虛大師的人生佛教理念下，以「四期教育」修學體系作為當代落實人生佛教理念的具體作法，並將人生佛教的理念落實和貫徹在靈鷲山佛教教團的志業實踐與整體發展中。

關鍵字

人生佛教；人間佛教；世俗化；轉凡成聖；四期教育

並列摘要

So far, Humanistic Buddhism has become a leading mainstream Buddhist philosophy in contemporary cross-strait Buddhist development. Although Humanistic Buddhism injects new vitality into Buddhism, it also brings many doubts such as vulgarization and de-sanctification. How should Humanistic Buddhism develop in the future becomes a subject worthy of deep thought in Buddhist development. By exploring how Humanistic Buddhism became a famous school in contemporary Buddhism as the starting point of discussion, this paper backtracks and sorts out the concept of Life Buddhism by Master Taixu, which places an emphasis on integrating Buddhist practices into everyday life. Following the concept of Life Buddhism, the ideal of Humanistic Buddhism brought forth by Master Yin Shun is also examined. Then, the development of contemporary Humanistic Buddhism in Taiwan and its hidden worries is investigated. Finally, the author probes into the practice of Master Hsin-tao for Humanistic Buddhism, who follows the philosophy of Life Buddhism by Master Taixu and uses the educational system of ＂Four-Stage Buddhist Education＂ as a concrete implementation of the concept of Life Buddhism. By doing so, the ideal of Life Buddhism is implemented and realized in the mission practice and overall development of Ling Jiou Mountain Buddhist Society.