一份海外勞工報紙的誕生－《華工週報》的構想、內容與意義

The Birth of a Chinese Labor Magazine in Europe-An Analysis of the Concept, Contents and Significance of the Chinese Laborers' Weekly

李宜涯(Yi-Ya Lee)

《中國現代文學》 17期 (2010/06) Pp. 199-224

https://doi.org/10.29980/MCL.201006.0009

摘要

沒有人能想像在九十多年前如何來辦一份海外的華工刊物，而特別的是這些讀者原來大部分是文盲。
而晏陽初的《華工週報》就實現了這份不可能的任務。它不但是配合晏陽初的千字課程的教材，讓文盲能夠識字，還為一戰時期在歐洲的近二十萬華工帶來新聞與娛樂，更開拓了華工的國際視野、對自己國家的責任、以及作為現代中國人的意義。故《華工週報》不只是九十多年前的一份給勞工看的週刊而已，它還是一戰時期安定華工、服務華工、教育華工的刊物。這份刊物更可以被看為一戰時期中國知識份子願意在海外服務同胞，精心設計用來塑造現代公民的一份出版品。
本文即是對於《華工週報》的專題研究。此研究不限於對《華工週報》的內容分析，主要是探討晏陽初如何編輯《華工週報》？他是如何設計一份給華工看的刊物？他的編輯方針與編輯策略為何？他認為在海外的華工應該閱讀些甚麼？他又提供了哪些材料來吸引華工、娛樂華工與教育華工？同時，他理想的現代中國工人（現代公民）應該要有甚麼樣的知識與見識？相信透過對於《華工週報》的研究，可以讓我們對晏陽初與當時的華工有更深人的認識。

關鍵字

華工週報 ； 晏陽初 ； 第一次世界大戰 ； 華工 ； 基督教青無會

並列摘要

It was unimaginable to publish a labor magazine in France for the World War I Chinese laborers, not least of the difficulties being that most of these laborers were just in process of learning to read Chinese. Yet Yan Yangchu achieved this mission impossible with his Chinese Laborers' Weekly, which became a milestone as a Chinese publication and in Chinese labor history and the history of World War I.
It is a known fact that the Chinese Laborers' Weekly played a significant role in the life of Chinese laborers in Europe. Yet few historians have offered a comprehensive study of the Chinese Laborers' Weekly. Therefore quite a few important questions are left unanswered to modern scholars. For example, how did Yan Yangchu began to design a weekly to attract, entertain, and educate the Chinese laborers in Europe? What was his editorial policy? What kind of readings did he think that the Chinese laborers should have? How did he use this weekly to cultivate a modern worker who was loyal to his country, civil in spirit, and balanced in life? How did he use this Weekly as a forum to interact with his readers, and other contributors? It is the purpose of this study to begin to address these questions by exploring the concept, contents and significance of the Chinese Laborers' Weekly.

並列關鍵字

Chinese Laborers' Weekly ； Yan Yangchu ； World War I ； Chinese laborers ； YMCA

參考文獻

徐國琦(2007)。文明的交融─第一次世界大戰期間的在法華工。五洲傳播出版社。

G. H. Cole, "With the Chinese in France,"p.12 (n.d., preserved at The Kautz Family YMCA Archives of the United States, Minneapolis, Minnestota)

Bailey, Paul J.(1990).Reform the People: Changing Attitude towards Popular Education in Early Twentieth-Century China.Vancouver:University of British Columbia Press.

Chen Ta, Chinese Migrations, With Special Reference to Labor Conditions (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1923), pp. 143-144

Thomas LaFargue, China nad the World War (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), p.151