一九五○年代香港小說的遺民空間：趙滋蕃《半下流社會》、張一帆《春到調景嶺》與阮朗《某公館散記》、曹聚仁《酒店》

一九五○年代，大量內地文人移居香港，因應政治局勢和個人理念，創作具政治意識形態取向的小說，包括被後來的文學史論述稱為「反共小說」或「難民文學」的趙滋蕃《半下流社會》、張一帆《春到調景嶺》等作品，以及被稱為「反蔣小說」的阮朗《某公館散記》和取態調和的曹聚仁《酒店》。這四部講述南來者生活空間的小說，前兩部以調景嶺作為南來者持守源自內地的固有理念、抗衡異化的象徵，後兩部以公館和酒店喻示南來者所處空間的不穩及其理念的失落。兩組小說描述了兩種遺民空間，指向五十年代南來者思想理念和生活現實的兩面。本論文擬以「遺民空間」為共同的切入角度，探討四部小說如何透過南來者的夾縫處境和遺民意識，賦予香港特殊的「遺民空間」政治隱喻，也探討四部小說在政治意識形態鬥爭的配合和呈現以外，如何進而反思、深化以至對政治話語作出審視和批評。

關鍵字

遺民空間；反共小說；反蔣小說；烏托邦想像；反反共小說

並列摘要

A large population of writers migrated from Mainland China to Hong Kong in the 1950s. In response to personal ideals and political reality, they produced politically and ideologically charged fiction, such as Zhao Zi-Fan's Struggle of Humanism and Zhang Yi-Fan's Chun Dao Tiaojingling which were termed by literary historians as ”anti-Communist fiction” and ”refugee literature”; and Ruan Lang's Mou Gong Guan San Ji which was termed ”anti-Chiang Kai-shek fiction” and Cao Ju-Ren's Jiu Dian which was termed ”compromising”. These four novels dealt with the lives of Mainland immigrants in Hong Kong. The former two was set in Tiaojingling district of Hong Kong which was considered a stronghold of ideals brought from the Mainland, and a symbol of resistance against alienation; while the latter two employed the apartment and hotel as symbols of instability and disillusionment felt by the migrants. Each pair of novels represents a different form of existence for the loyalists, together they represent two different aspects of the lives of Mainland migrants in the 50s. Taking ”loyalist existence” as a point of departure, this thesis looks at how these four novels portrayed the awkward situation of the Mainland migrants and their loyalist ideal as a political metaphor for Hong Kong, and looks into how these novels contemplate, deepen, scrutinize and criticize political language beyond the facade of submitting themselves to ideological war and representation.