中國南遊（來）文人與馬華散文史

Southern-Touring (Incoming) Scholars from China and History of Malaysian Chinese Prose

鍾怡雯(Yee-Voon Choong)

《中國現代文學》 25期 (2014/06) Pp. 161-175

摘要

南來文人之外，馬華文學另有一群中國「南遊文人」，他們於一九二○、三○年代完成了一批遊記和風土誌，記錄風土民情和奇風異俗，以及地理知識，兼有史料的價值。他們的身份不是作家，南遊的目的不在文學，而在教育、募款等，記遊乃是副產品。這些遊記具有跟時代以及地域的辯證關係，刻劃出立體的地方感，以及在地的風俗民情，可納入地誌書寫譜系。然而，這群在新馬居留過的「南遊文人」並未進方修的馬華文學史視野。此外，本文尚討論同樣被排除在文學史之外的五四作家許傑。這位南來文人曾活躍於馬來亞文壇，他把馬來亞經驗寫成極有地誌書寫價值的散文。這群南遊（來）文人為早期的南洋社會珍貴的紀錄，可視為南洋研究的雛形。這些作品在文獻和文學之間，時而擺向史料，時而擺向散文，是馬華散文草創時期的作品。南來文人與南遊作家，兩者皆以馬華文學「史前史」的方式，為馬華文學史拉開序幕。

關鍵字

馬華文學史 ； 南遊文人 ； 南洋研究 ； 地誌書寫

並列摘要

Apart from the incoming southern scholars, there was another group of China's "southern-touring scholars" who had completed a batch of traveling and topography writings in the 1920s-1930s, recording the culture, customs and the exotic locales, along with geographical knowledge with historical values. Neither they were identified as writers, nor was their southern touring objective on literature. Their true intentions are on education, fundraising and etc purposes, whereas their travel notes were just byproducts. Bound with dialectical relationships with era and area while sufficed to be included in the pedigree of topography writings, these travel notes depicted a three-dimensional sense of place and also the local customs. However, these "southern-touring scholars" who had ever stayed in Singapore and Malaysia were not indexed in "Vision on History of Malaysian Chinese Literature" written by Fang Xiu. In addition, Xu Jie the May-fourth writer we are discussing about is also excluded from the history of literature. Xu as an incoming southern scholar had been so active in Malayan literary world and had converted his experiences in Malaya into invaluable prose works. This group of southern-touring (incoming) scholars made precious records of the early Southeast Asian societies and could be regarded as the prototype in Southeast Asian studies. Categorized in between document and literature, and even as historical data or prose sometimes, those masterpieces were the works done in the pioneering stage of Malaysian Chinese prose. EQuipped with "pre-historical" approaches, both incoming southern scholars and southern-touring scholars kicked off the prelude of history of Malaysian Chinese literature.

並列關鍵字

history of Malaysian Chinese literature ； southern-touring scholars ； Southeast Asian studies ； topography writing

參考文獻

方修編(1972)。馬華新文學大系。新加坡:世界書局。

方修編(1972)。馬華新文學大系。新加坡:世界書局。

方修編(1972)。馬華新文學大系。新加坡:星洲世界書局。

方修(1986)。馬華文學史論集。新加坡:新加坡文學書屋。

方修(1986)。新馬文學史論集。新加坡:新加坡文學書屋。