戰爭、地方與崇高：以路易士發表於《中華副刊》的詩與散文為例（1942－1945）

戰爭引發恐懼、傷亡與匱乏，而與戰爭相伴的，則是移動的必然與住居的渴望。作家也不例外。這些行動不僅改變作家生活環境，也可能造成寫作生涯的重要變化，對於文學創作內涵也有影響。第二次世界大戰期間，在戰爭造成的中國新局面裡，國民黨、共產黨與日本各有勢力範圍，文壇亦一分為三，並造成文學場域（literary field）的變遷與重組。本文將以詩人路易士（後另以筆名「紀弦」知名）為例，以他在太平洋戰爭時期（1941.12～1945.8）汪精衛政府機關報紙上的《中華副刊》所發表的詩文為討論對象，試圖詮釋在戰時遷徙、住居地與生活節奏的變化裡，詩人如何感受、書寫對他別具意義的城市上海與揚州，如何以不同的意象與寫法召喚地方感（Sense of Place）以表達人與地方的親密與記憶，以及如何在作品中，通過崇高化來建構困境中的自我形象，以釐定戰時都市生活中的自我價值。戰爭給予路易士在上海文壇進一步發展的空間，而戰爭造成的遷徙也使得路易士能夠在離開、回顧、重臨等多種角度下，召喚上海與揚州的地方感；同時，生存於戰時上海的經濟窘境與詩人的邊緣處境，又激發他以創作中的陽剛崇高來相對抗。因此，戰爭、地方、崇高三者，環環相扣。

關鍵字

戰爭；地方；崇高；路易士；紀弦

並列摘要

War brings about terror, death and deficiency, at the same time also makes mobility and aspiration of steady. Writers are of no exception. Actions of move and stay can change writers' environment, career and writing themes. In the late period of World War Ⅱ, China had a new situation. Kuomingtang, the Communist Party and Japanese forces carved the literary field up, also caused its recombination. This is a case study of Lu Yishi's (called Ji Xian later) Poems and Essays on the Supplementary Sections of Chung-hua Daily (1942-1945). I try to explain how those works show feelings of mobility and return, and the sense of place about Shanghai and Yangzhou, and try to draw the self-image of poor and sublime in his writing. Those complicated representations have relations with the war. The sense of place becomes strong and forces the writer to establish a kind of tough image to fight back his difficult position.