雲林濱海平原植群之生態監測

The Ecological Monitoring of Vegetation Communities in Yuin-Lin Coastal Plain

李載鳴(Tsai-Ming Lee) ； 王中原(Jong-Yuan Wang) ； 卓子右(Tze-Yow Jwo) ； 黃啓東(Chi-Dong Hwang)

《華岡農科學報》 17期 (2006/06) Pp. 49-65

https://doi.org/10.29985/HKJA.200606.0005

摘要

本研究旨在探討雲林沿海平原次生林及人工植群之長期變遷，經由1997年至2004年期間，監測設立於草生地、防風林及次生林內之樣區共6處，結果顯示草生植群植物種類明顯逐年減少，屬次級演替早期之不穩定期，種類豐富度隨季飾呈波動現象，生長空間若被優勢種占據後常抑制其他種類生長，而防風林及次生林具有喬木層之樣區植物種數變動較爲緩和，且有增加的現象。研究期間木麻黃(Casuarina equiset ifolia)優勢度均逐年下降，榕樹(Ficus microcarpa)逐漸取得優勢地位，次生林樣區之優勢種紅仔珠(Breynia officainalis)逐漸爲構樹(Broussonetia papyrifera)所取代。植群組成由Jaccard相似性指數計算，結果顯示各樣區於第二年時尚有約60~80%之相似程度，草生植群樣區於2001年間與1997觀測時之相似度最小(22%)；具羊防風林及次生林之樣區相似度變化較爲和緩，監測第五(2001)年與第一年之相似度約爲50%；由於喬木種類較無變化，因此其相似度取決於地被植群之變化，尤受零星出現、族群量小物種影響。整體而言，防風林及次生林植物種類組成之穩定度較草生植群高。

關鍵字

相似性指數 ； 生態監測 ； 次級演替 ； 植群結構 ； 植群動態

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to monitor the long-term dynamics of different types of vegetation communities in Yuin-Lin coastal plain. The ecological monitoring stared from 1997 and 8 years data were analyzed in this paper. Six sampling plots, including two grass lands, two artificial windbreaks, and two secondary succession woods were observed. During the monitoring period, 56 families and 206 species plants were recorded, including 158 dicotyledons, 46 monocotyledons, one species of gymnosperm, and one pteridophyte. The results show that species richness decreased fast in grass lands but very mild in those woodland plots. In the grassland sites, Phragmites communis and Bidens chilensi are the dominants. The dominants of Casuarina equisetfolia in most woodland communities decrease year by year while Cerbera man ghas and Ficus microcarpa instead. The competition between Breynia cficinalis and Broussonetia pcpyrfera was clearly observed and the later became the dominant in the last monitoring year. The variation of Jaccard coefficient of similarity in woodland communities remained 6080% during the first fifth monitoring years except the plot in Casuarina windbreaks with the value down to 50% during the monitoring years. It shows that the variation of woodland communities is more stable than those grass land communities. The replacement of dominant species can be found clearly from the long-term dynamics monitoring because many anthropogenic influences occurred that kept the vegetation in early stage of secondary succession.

並列關鍵字

coefficient of similarity ； ecological monitoring ； secondary succession ； vegetation community structure ； vegetation dynamics